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Table 2 Predictors of genital ulcer symptoms among women in the general population

From: Risk factors, healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour among patients with genital ulcers in Zambia

 

Univariate

Multivariate

    

p-value

Model I

Model II

Model III

Age in years

n

%

OR (CI)

<0.001

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

OR (CI)64

15–19

790

2.3

1.0 (0.52–2.02)

 

1.3 (0.64–2.64)

1.6 (0.81–3.31)

1.3 (0.–2.55)

20–24

1307

2.8

1.3 (0.74–2.24)

 

1.4 (0.81–2.55)

1.6 (0.87–2.79)

1.4 (0.81–2.50)

25–29

1348

4.5

2.1 (1.26–3.46)

 

2.2 (1.32–3.74)

2.3 (1.33–3.80)

2.2 (1.30–3.61)

30–39

1763

3.5

1.6 (0.94–2.84)

 

1.7 (0.98–2.94)

1.7 (0.98–2.95)

1.67 (0.96–2.89)

40–49

985

2.2

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

Residence

   

0.248

   

Urban

2605

3.6

1.2 (0.87–1.73)

    

Rural

3588

3.0

Ref

    

Marital

   

0.027

   

Never married

1002

2.4

Ref

 

Ref

Ref

 

Married / Cohabiting

4302

3.2

1.4 (0.85–2.20)

 

1.4 (0.82–2.27)

1.5 (0.93–2.49)

 

Widowed /Separated / Divorced

889

4.1

1.8 (1.01–3.15)

 

1.8 (0.98–3.34)

1.7(0.93–3.03)

 

Wealth index

   

0.051

   

Poorest / Poorer

2185

2.7

Ref

 

Ref

  

Middle

1274

3.0

1.1 (0.74–1.73)

 

1.1(0.74–1.73)

1.1 (0.74–1.72)

 

Richer / Richest

2734

3.8

1.4 (0.96–2.06)

 

1.4 (0.98–2.10)

1.4 (0.98–2.09)

 

Education

   

0.303

   

No education

714

2.4

Ref

    

Primary

3426

3.3

1.4 (0.73–2.53)

    

Secondary/ Tertiary

2053

3.4

1.4 (0.76–2.72)

    

Recent sexual activity

       

Active last 4 weeks

3767

3.4

1.0 (0.73–1.49)

0.893

   

Not active last 4 weeks

1609

3.3

Ref

    

Used condom last sex

   

0.693

   

No

4615

3.4

Ref

    

Yes

691

3.7

1.1 (0.67–1.82)

    

Relationship with last partner

   

0.322

   

Spouse/Live-in partner

4339

3.3

Ref

    

Casual acquaintance /Girl friend

940

4.1

1.3 (0.85–1.86)

    

Age at first sex (in years)

   

0.613

   

<16

2326

3.4

1.2 (0.72–1.84)

    

16–19

2783

3.2

1.1 (0.68–1.79)

    

>19

1084

2.9

Ref

    

Life-time sex partners

   

<0.001

   

1

2740

2.0

Ref

    

2–4

3115

4.0

2.0 (1.42–2.90)

  

2.0 (1.37–2.79)

2.0 (1.37–2.82)

5–10

298

7.4

3.9 (2.21–6.91)

  

3.9 (2.17–7.01)

3.9 (2.18–6.93)

11 and above

33

7.9

4.2 (0.90–19.29)

  

4.6 (0.93–22.49)

4.5 (0.95–21.70)

  1. Model 1 Underlying variables with p  < 0.2 in the univariate analyses.
  2. Model 2 Underlying + proximate determinants with p  < 0.2 in the univariate analyses.
  3. Model 3 variables with p  < 0.1 in model II.