Table 1 Measures developed for use in baseline, post-intervention and follow-up assessments
Name of Measure | Nature of measure | Content of measure | Method of administration | Phase of administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Practice measures | ||||
Practice snapshot | Proforma of qualitative questions and observer's field notes about practice | Organisational and staffing structure and youth friendly processes. | RA trained in assessing youth friendliness interviewed practice managers and directly observed practice (eg. Waiting room and materials). Detailed field notes recorded interactions with staff and incidents observed at the practice. | Baseline profile |
Staff measures | ||||
Staff survey | Likert scales and demographic survey | Self-perceived competency with youth friendly care and managing young people's health risk. Demographic data on age, gender and for clinicians, year of graduation, prior training in youth health or brief interventions and timing of these. | Self-completion written questionnaire | Baseline profile and post-intervention |
Staff interview | Semi-structured interview | Acceptance of screening processes | Qualitative interview with RA, audio-taped | 3-month follow-up phase |
Nurse interview | Semi-structured interview | Feasibility of role in screening, counselling and linkage function | Qualitative interview with RA, audio-taped | 3-month - 12 month follow-up phase |
Young people’s exit interview | ||||
Recall of Screening and Counselling [83] | Self-report categorical responses | Recall (occurring with healthcare provider) of screening/counselling for health risk | Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) | Baseline profile and post-intervention |
GPAQ [84] | Self-report categorical responses | Â | Â | Â |
Family Doctor Trust Scale [85] | Self-report categorical responses | Items related to trust in the clinician | Â | Â |
Likelihood of Future Visits Scale [86] | Self-report categorical responses | Items examining what conditions youth happy to see the clinician about | Â | Â |
Recall of other youth friendly processes | Self-report categorical responses | Confidentiality discussion, time alone with clinician | Â | Â |
K10 [87] | Self-report likert responses | Emotional distress | Â | Â |
Self-rating of mental and physical health [88] | Self-report categorical responses | Â | Â | Â |
SF12 [89] | Self-report likert responses | quality of life | Â | Â |
Self-report categorical responses | Smoking, alcohol and other subtance use | Â | Â | |
Abuse Screen [92] | Screening adolescents for abuse | Fear of a partner, fear of a family member for those 17 yrs and over |  |  |
Other risky behaviours/events | Self-report categorical responses and some likert scales | Unprotected sex, forced sex, road safety risk, eating and exercise Patterns, self harm, antisocial behaviour, bullying events. | Â | Â |
Considering risky behaviour change | Self-report binary yes/no response for self-identified risk | Â | Â | Â |
Readiness for Change Ruler [93] | Self-report likert scales | Readiness for change | Â | Â |
Intention to Change [93] | Self-report catgeorical responses on a 5 point agree/disagree scale | Consideration of change | Â | Â |
Health service use | Self-report categorical responses | Use of a wide range of health services and costs | Â | Â |
Young people's follow-up interviews | ||||
3 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up |  | Risky behaviour measures, K10 and SF12, abuse and violence measures as above; health service use since last consultation; whether had followed up on clinician's advice at initial consultation. | CATI interviewers | 3 month follow-up and 12-month follow-up |
Parent measures | ||||
Parent survey | Self-completion questionnaire: a mixture of categorical, likert and short answer questions | Parent opinion about various aspects of youth friendly care including health risk screening and confidentiality | Self-completion written questionnaire, sometimes completed over the phone by CATI if not returned in reply paid post. | Post-intervention |
Consultation level measure | ||||
Clinician encounter form | Self-completion questionnaire: a mixture of categorical, likert and short answer questions | Reason for presentation, diagnosis, management. | Completed by clinician after consulting with a young person aged 14–24 years. | Baseline profile and post-intervention |