From: Long working hours and metabolic syndrome among Japanese men: a cross-sectional study
 | 7–8 hours/day | 8–9 hours/day | 9–10 hours/day | >10 hours/day | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (n = 392) | (n = 177) | (n = 196) | (n = 168) | ||||
Characteristics | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
Age (years; mean, SD) | 44.7 | 11.1 | 45.4 | 10.7 | 42.6 | 10.3 | 40.9 | 8.9 |
Occupation | ||||||||
  Clerical | 14 | 3.6 | 38 | 21.5 | 27 | 13.8 | 14 | 8.3 |
  Technical | 33 | 8.4 | 60 | 33.9 | 113 | 57.7 | 141 | 83.9 |
  Skilled | 336 | 85.7 | 73 | 41.2 | 54 | 27.6 | 0 | 0.0 |
  Sales | 5 | 1.3 | 4 | 2.3 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.2 |
  Others | 3 | 0.8 | 2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 11 | 6.6 |
  Missing | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Shift work | ||||||||
  Non-Shift worker | 253 | 64.5 | 128 | 72.3 | 148 | 75.5 | 159 | 94.6 |
  Shift worker | 138 | 35.2 | 48 | 27.1 | 47 | 24.0 | 8 | 4.8 |
  Missing | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.6 |
Smoking status | ||||||||
  Never/Former | 170 | 43.4 | 87 | 49.2 | 114 | 58.2 | 110 | 65.5 |
  Current | 222 | 56.6 | 90 | 50.9 | 82 | 41.8 | 58 | 34.5 |
Frequency of alcohol consumption a | ||||||||
  None/Rarely | 129 | 32.9 | 49 | 27.7 | 40 | 20.4 | 45 | 26.8 |
  Sometimes | 90 | 23.0 | 55 | 31.1 | 64 | 32.7 | 74 | 44.1 |
  Often | 173 | 44.1 | 73 | 41.2 | 91 | 46.4 | 49 | 29.2 |
  Missing | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 |
Cohabiting status | ||||||||
  Cohabiting | 302 | 77.0 | 147 | 83.1 | 153 | 78.1 | 129 | 76.8 |
  Non-cohabiting | 77 | 19.6 | 29 | 16.4 | 41 | 20.9 | 39 | 23.2 |
  Missing | 13 | 3.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Sleeping (hours/day; mean, SD) | 6.6 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 0.9 | 6.2 | 0.8 | 5.6 | 0.8 |
Metabolic syndrome | ||||||||
  No | 352 | 89.8 | 150 | 84.8 | 173 | 88.3 | 148 | 88.1 |
  Yes | 40 | 10.2 | 27 | 15.3 | 23 | 11.7 | 20 | 11.9 |