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Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects (all males) by working hours, Japan, 2009

From: Long working hours and metabolic syndrome among Japanese men: a cross-sectional study

 

7–8 hours/day

8–9 hours/day

9–10 hours/day

>10 hours/day

 

(n = 392)

(n = 177)

(n = 196)

(n = 168)

Characteristics

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Age (years; mean, SD)

44.7

11.1

45.4

10.7

42.6

10.3

40.9

8.9

Occupation

  Clerical

14

3.6

38

21.5

27

13.8

14

8.3

  Technical

33

8.4

60

33.9

113

57.7

141

83.9

  Skilled

336

85.7

73

41.2

54

27.6

0

0.0

  Sales

5

1.3

4

2.3

2

1.0

2

1.2

  Others

3

0.8

2

1.1

0

0.0

11

6.6

  Missing

1

0.3

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

Shift work

  Non-Shift worker

253

64.5

128

72.3

148

75.5

159

94.6

  Shift worker

138

35.2

48

27.1

47

24.0

8

4.8

  Missing

1

0.3

1

0.6

1

0.5

1

0.6

Smoking status

  Never/Former

170

43.4

87

49.2

114

58.2

110

65.5

  Current

222

56.6

90

50.9

82

41.8

58

34.5

Frequency of alcohol consumption a

  None/Rarely

129

32.9

49

27.7

40

20.4

45

26.8

  Sometimes

90

23.0

55

31.1

64

32.7

74

44.1

  Often

173

44.1

73

41.2

91

46.4

49

29.2

  Missing

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

0.5

0

0.0

Cohabiting status

  Cohabiting

302

77.0

147

83.1

153

78.1

129

76.8

  Non-cohabiting

77

19.6

29

16.4

41

20.9

39

23.2

  Missing

13

3.3

1

0.6

2

1.0

0

0.0

Sleeping (hours/day; mean, SD)

6.6

1.0

6.5

0.9

6.2

0.8

5.6

0.8

Metabolic syndrome

  No

352

89.8

150

84.8

173

88.3

148

88.1

  Yes

40

10.2

27

15.3

23

11.7

20

11.9

  1. SD standard deviation.
  2. a Frequency of alcohol consumption categories are as follows: none/rarely, sometimes (1–3 days/month, 1–3 days/week), and often (4–6 days/week, everyday).