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Table 2 Odds ratios (OR) for the impact of educational level on chronic diseases

From: Women show a closer association between educational level and hypertension or diabetes mellitus than males: a secondary analysis from the Austrian HIS

 

Men

Women

 

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

Diabetes

      

Required schooling only

1.37

(0.82-2.30)

0.227

3.68

(1.69-8.00)

0.001

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

1.31

(0.82-2.11)

0.265

2.46

(1.12-5.39)

0.025

Vocational (BMS)

1.15

(0.65-2.05)

0.632

2.09

(0.93-4.69)

0.073

High school (AHS/BHS)

1.85

(1.10-3.12)

0.020

1.85

(0.80-4.31)

0.153

Hypertension

      

Required schooling only

1.42

(1.06-1.90)

0.019

2.54

(1.84-3.51)

<0.001

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

1.59

(1.23-2.06)

<0.001

1.69

(1.23-2.34)

0.001

Vocational (BMS)

1.09

(0.80-1.51)

0.581

1.47

(1.06-2.06)

0.022

High school (AHS/BHS)

1.51

(1.13-1.41)

<0.001

1.27

(0.89-1.81)

0.194

Myocardial Infarction

      

Required schooling only

2.08

(0.94-4.63)

0.071

4.42

(0.50-39.00)

0.180

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

2.01

(0.94-4.31)

0.074

3.90

(0.44-34.81)

0.223

Vocational (BMS)

1.58

(0.64-3.92)

0.321

3.52

(0.38-32.61)

0.268

High school (AHS/BHS)

1.80

(0.76-4.28)

0.184

2.11

(0.20-22.24)

0.535

Stroke

      

Required schooling only

8.45

(1.67-42.66)

0.010

1.06

(0.47-2.41)

0.887

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

7.77

(1.57-38.52)

0.012

0.75

(0.32-1.74)

0.501

Vocational (BMS)

7.70

(1.59-38.53)

0.017

0.54

(0.21-1.36)

0.192

High school (AHS/BHS)

7.03

(1.32-37.56)

0.023

0.74

(0.28-1.92)

0.737

Anxiety disorders or depression

      

Required schooling only

0.69

(0.44-1.08)

0.107

1.18

(0.81-1.72)

0.404

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

0.67

(0.44-0.98)

0.042

1.07

(0.74-1.56)

0.713

Vocational (BMS)

0.83

(0.51-1.37)

0.467

0.99

(0.67-1.47)

0.964

High school (AHS/BHS)

0.62

(0.39-0.99)

0.047

1.07

(0.72-1.59)

0.754

Overweight

      

Required schooling only

1.82

(1.45-2.28)

<0.001

2.79

(2.24-3.47)

<0.001

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

1.77

(1.47-2.13)

<0.001

1.56

(1.27-1.93)

<0.001

Vocational (BMS)

1.42

(1.13-1.78)

0.002

1.62

(1.31-2.02)

<0.001

High school (AHS/BHS)

1.31

(1.07-1.61)

0.009

1.10

(0.88-1.37)

0.426

Obesity

      

Required schooling only

1.82

(1.27-2.61)

<0.001

2.83

(1.96-4.08)

<0.001

Required schooling plus apprenticeship

2.17

(1.57-2.98)

<0.001

1.65

(1.15-2.38)

0.007

Vocational (BMS)

1.26

(0.85-1.87)

0.244

1.81

(1.24-2.63)

0.002

High school (AHS/BHS)

1.36

(0.95-1.96)

0.095

1.20

(0.81-1.79)

0.371

  1. Results of a binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, occupational group, net household income, family status, smoking status, eating regularly a diet rich in meat, and lack of regular vigorous exercise in leisure time with the reference category of university education.
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