Table 4 Educational inequalities in use of health care comparing low educational to high educational level
Country | Visit GP* | Visit specialist* | Visit any doctor* | Hospital admission* | Use of any medication* | Use of prescribed medicine* | Cholesterol screening in last 5 years | Blood pressure screening in the last 5 years | Cervical cancer screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | OR (CI95)** | |
Western Europe | |||||||||
Belgium | 1.14 (1.09–1.20) | 0.73 (0.69–0.77) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.99 (0.90–1.11) | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.73 (0.66–0.79) | 0.55 (0.50–0.61) |
Switzerland | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Nordic countries | |||||||||
Sweden | NA | NA | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Finland | NA | NA | 0.78 (0.73–0.84) | NA | NA | NA | 0.60 (0.53–0.68) | 0.71 (0.56–0.91) | NA |
Denmark | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.64 (0.54–0.76) | 0.84 (0.76–0.92) | 1.06 (0.88–1.28) | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | 1.08 (0.93–1.24) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | 0.88 (0.80–0.98) | NA |
Norway | 1.00 (0.82–1.24) | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) | 1.13 (0.89–1.44) | 1.20 (0.97–1.47) | 1.07 (0.86–1.32) | NA | NA | NA |
Southern Europe | |||||||||
Italy | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.72 (0.69–0.76) | 0.87 (0.83–0.90) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.83 (0.81–0.87) | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | 0.84 (0.82–0.87) | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) | 0.70 (0.68–0.73) |
Spain | NA | NA | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 0.88 (0.75–1.02) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Baltic region | |||||||||
Estonia | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.74 (0.63–0.86) | 0.73 (0.62–0.87) | 1.10 (0.92–1.33) | 1.09 (0.92–1.27) | NA | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.72 (0.50–1.02) | 0.55 (0.44–0.69) |
Lithuania | NA | NA | 0.74 (0.67–0.82) | NA | NA | NA | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) | NA |
Central and Eastern Europe | |||||||||
Slovenia | NA | NA | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Poland | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Czech Republic | NA | NA | NA | 0.97 (0.78–1.12) | 0.66 (0.54–0.81) | 1.58 (1.23–2.03) | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.62 (0.48–0.81) |
Hungary | 0.80 (0.71–0.89) | 0.55 (0.49–0.61) | 0.65 (0.58–0.75) | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 0.65 (0.59–0.73) | 0.59 (0.55–0.65) | 0.67 (0.55–0.86) | NA | |