Table 4 Univariate analysis comparing risk factors of HIV among Hijra Sex Workers in Larkana and other cities of Pakistan

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age(in years)

19

28(4.5%)

23(3.7%)

5.84

2.81–12.15

20–24

47(7.6%)

71(11.5%)

3.17

1.73–5.83

25–29

68(11%)

131(21.2%)

2.49

1.42–4.38

30–34

36(5.8%)

99 (16%)

1.74

0.94–3.23

+35

20(3.2%)

96(15.5%)

1

–

Educational status

Educated

64(10.4%)

152(36%)

1

–

Uneducated

135(21.9%)

268(64%)

1.21

0.85–1.74

Marital status

Currently married

7(1.1%)

43(10.8%)

1

–

Unmarried

192(31%)

377(89.2%)

2.49

1.08–5.71

Belong to current city of residence

No

22(3.6%)

309(73.2%)

1

–

Yes

177(28.6%)

111(26.8%)

2.99

1.83–4.90

Mode of income

Other livelihood along with sex work

39 (6.3%)

241(38.9%)

1

–

Only sex work

160 (25.8%

179(28.9%)

5.52

3.70–8.23

Current living with

· Others

13(6.53%)

2(0.5%)

1

–

· Alone

69(34%)

6(1.4%)

0.76

0.23–0.40

· Family or relatives

79(39%)

85(20%)

1.23

0.03–0.40

· Friends

38(19%)

332(78%)

0.21

0.12–0.38

Duration in sex work

5 years or less

16(2.6%)

94(15.2%)

1

–

5.1–10 years

59(9.5%)

105(17%)

3.30

1.77–6.12

>10 years

124(20%)

221(35.7%)

3.29

1.85–5.85

Age at first intercourse

8–15

151(24.4%)

272(44%)

1

–

15–20

45(7.3%)

144(23.3%)

0.31

0.11–2.78

<20

3(0.5%)

3(0.5%)

1.00

0.06–1.60

Client contact through

Other

58(9.4%)

35(5.7%)

1

–

Pimp/Guru

40(6.5%)

105(17%)

0.23

0.13–0.40

Mobile phone

36(5.8%)

94(15.2%)

0.23

0.13–0.40

By roaming around

65(10.5%)

186(30)

0.21

0.12–0.35

In the last 12 months, have you been

away from this city for sex work?

No

116(18.8%)

290(46.9%)

1

–

Yes

83(13.4%)

129(20.9%)

1.60

1.13–2.28

Condom used last time when had

anal intercourse with a paying client

No

101(16.5%)

292(47.6%)

1

–

Yes

96(15.7%)

124(20.2%)

2.23

1.57–3.1

Have a condom with you now?

Not had condom

107(17.3%)

269(43.5%)

1

–

Showed

92(14.9%)

151(24.4%)

1.53

1.08–2.15

Does HIV spread through sexual intercourse?

No

12(2.7%)

11(2.4%)

1

–

Yes

125(27.8%)

302(67.1%)

2.63

1.13–6.13

Does HIV spread through sharp

instruments/syringe?

No

41(9.1%)

151(33.6%)

1

–

Yes

96(21.3%)

162(36%)

2.18

1.42–3.34

Does HIV spread through Insect bites?

No

119(26.4%)

310(68.9%)

1

–

Yes

18(4%)

4(0.7%)

15.36

4.52–54.03

Does HIV spread through staying filthy?

No

120(26.7%)

305(67.9%)

1

--

Yes

16(3.6%)

8(1.8%)

5.08

2.12–12.18

Does HIV spread through blood transfusion?

No

56(12.4%)

242(53.8%)

1

–

Yes

81(18%)

71(15.8%)

4.93

3.20–7.58

Does HIV spread through staying filthy?

Yes

6(1.3%)

49(10.9%)

1

–

No

129(28.8%)

264(58.9%)

3.99

1.66–9.55

Prevention is possible by using condoms

No

6(1.3%)

177(39.5%)

1

–

Yes

124(27.7%)

141(31.5%)

25.94

11.10–60.1

Prevention is possible by refraining from sex

Yes

55(12.3%)

260(58%)

1

–

No

75(16.7%)

58(12.9%)

6.11

3.90–9.58

Know where people can go, if they

want to get an HIV/AIDS test?

Yes

82(16.3%)

113(22.4%)

1

–

No

85(16.9%)

24(44.4%)

1.91

1.31–2.79

Ever tested for HIV?

Yes

64(12.7%)

8(11.6%)

1

–

No

101(20.1%)

279(55.6%)

3.04

1.99–4.64

Use condom

Yes

79(17.3%)

113(24.7%)

1

–

No

69(15.1%)

196(42.9%)

1.98

1.33–2.95

Wash with Dettol

Yes

59(12.9%)

66(14.4%)

1

–

No

89(19.5%)

243(53.2%)

2.44

1.59–3.741

Take medicine

Yes

54(11.8%)

82(17.9%)

1

–

No

94(20.6%)

227(49.7%)

1.59

1.04–2.419

Arrested in past 6 months

Yes

81(13.1%)

41(6.6%)

1

–

No

117(19.0%)

378(61.3%)

6.38

4.15–9.803

Taken alcohol during sexual act in

the past 6 months?

No

88(14.2%)

125(20.2%)

1

–

Yes

111(17.9%

295(47.7%)

3.53

0.37–0.758

No

154(25.6%)

396(65.9%)

1

–

Yes

44(7.3%)

7(1.2%)

16.16

7.12–36.16

Given free condoms in the past one month

Yes

118(19.1%)

116(18.7%)

1

–

No

81(13.1%)

304(49.1%)

3.81

2.67–5.443