Table 3 Multivariable models for height-for-age Z scores by socioeconomic, maternal and child characteristics, Acrelândia, Brazil
Adjusted mean HAZ (SE) according to age1,2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 mo | 12 mo | 2 y | 5 y | 7 y | 10 y | |
MODEL 1 (n = 231)3 | ||||||
Wealth index | ||||||
Below median | −0.37 (0.20) | −0.43 (0.17) | −1.01 (0.12) | −0.60 (0.09) | −0.47 (0.08) | −0.47 (0.08) |
Above median | 0.07 (0.25) | −0.29 (0.21) | −0.68 (0.16) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.23 (0.09) | −0.30 (0.10) |
Difference [95% CI] | 0.44 [−0.18, 1.06] | 0.14 [−0.39, 0.67] | 0.33 [−0.06, 0.72] | 0.30 [0.06, 0.54] | 0.25 [0.02, 0.48] | 0.17 [−0.07, 0.40] |
Land ownership | ||||||
No | −0.37 (0.20) | −0.43 (0.17) | −1.01 (0.12) | −0.60 (0.09) | −0.47 (0.08) | −0.47 (0.08) |
Yes | 0.16 (1.12) | 0.00 (0.46) | −0.77 (0.27) | −0.29 (0.16) | −0.14 (0.15) | −0.13 (0.15) |
Difference | 0.53 [−1.68, 2.73] | 0.43 [−0.41, 1.28] | 0.24 [−0.24, 0.73] | 0.31 [0.01, 0.61] | 0.33 [0.06, 0.61] | 0.34 [0.05, 0.63] |
MODEL 2 (n = 231)4 | ||||||
Mother’s height | ||||||
a. 1st tertile: ≤154.0 cm | −1.12 (0.33) | −0.73 (0.26) | −1.33 (0.17) | −0.95 (0.13) | −0.80 (0.13) | −0.72 (0.12) |
b. 2nd tertile: 154.1-159.4 cm | −0.48 (0.33) | −0.45 (0.24) | −0.95 (0.17) | −0.52 (0.11) | −0.43 (0.10) | −0.52 (0.12) |
c. 3rd tertile: ≥159.5 cm | −0.02 (0.30) | −0.12 (0.30) | −0.73 (0.19) | −0.38 (0.12) | −0.25 (0.12) | −0.18 (0.11) |
Difference (b-a) | 0.64 [−0.16, 1.43] | 0.28 [−0.35, 0.91] | 0.37 [−0.07, 0.82] | 0.43 [0.14, 0.72] | 0.37 [0.09, 0.64] | 0.20 [−0.10, 0.51] |
Difference (c-a) | 1.10 [0.35, 1.84] | 0.61 [−0.06, 1.28] | 0.60 [0.17, 1.03] | 0.57 [0.27, 0.87] | 0.55 [0.27, 0.84] | 0.54 [0.26, 0.81] |
P for trend | 0.252 | 0.222 | 0.172 | 0.157 | 0.153 | 0.147 |
MODEL 3 (n = 226)5 | ||||||
Child’s birth weight | ||||||
a. ≤2500 g | −1.78 (0.50) | −1.43 (0.47) | −2.13 (0.30) | −1.22 (0.13) | −0.96 (0.14) | −0.94 (0.16) |
b. 2501-3500 g | −1.23 (0.31) | −0.76 (0.26) | −1.35 (0.18) | −1.03 (0.13) | −0.88 (0.13) | −0.78 (0.14) |
c. >3500 g | −0.03 (0.33) | −0.25 (0.31) | −0.84 (0.22) | −0.50 (0.17) | −0.42 (0.16) | −0.47 (0.16) |
Difference (a-b) | −0.55 [−1.53, 0.43] | −0.67 [−1.64, 0.30] | −0.78 [−1.39, −0.16] | −0.19 [−0.49, 0.10] | −0.08 [−0.39, 0.22] | −0.16 [−0.51, 0.19] |
Difference (c-b) | 1.20 [0.62, 1.78] | 0.51 [−0.03, 1.05] | 0.51 [0.14, 0.88] | 0.53 [0.26, 0.78] | 0.46 [0.21, 0.70] | 0.31 [0.05, 0.57] |
P for trend | 0.279 | 0.262 | 0.221 | 0.180 | 0.162 | 0.141 |
MODEL 4 (n = 168)6 | ||||||
Child’s birth length | ||||||
a. 1st tertile: ≤48 cm | −1.10 (0.47) | −0.98 (0.33) | −1.76 (0.20) | −0.97 (0.16) | −0.79 (0.16) | −0.88 (0.15) |
b. 2nd tertile: 49–50 cm | 0.18 (0.48) | −0.93 (0.30) | −1.00 (0.22) | −0.76 (0.17) | −0.66 (0.15) | −0.56 (0.17) |
c. 3rd tertile: ≥51 cm | 1.07 (0.65) | −0.42 (0.36) | −0.72 (0.28) | −0.42 (0.21) | −0.35 (0.19) | −0.37 (0.18) |
Difference (a-b) | −1.28 [−1.91, −0.64] | −0.05 [−0.59, 0.50] | −0.76 [−1.18, -0.34] | −0.21 [−0.52, 0.09] | −0.13 [−0.41, 0.16] | −0.32 [−0.63, −0.01] |
Difference (c-b) | 0.89 [−0.03, 1.80] | 0.51 [−0.24, 1.26] | 0.28 [−0.22, 0.79] | 0.34 [−0.03, 0.70] | 0.31 [−0.03, 0.64] | 0.19 [−0.16, 0.54] |
P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
MODEL 5 (n = 213)7 | ||||||
Age at cow’s milk introduction | ||||||
<3 months | −1.62 (0.37) | −1.20 (0.35) | −1.52 (0.19) | −1.11 (0.15) | −0.98 (0.14) | −0.93 (0.16) |
≥3 months | −1.75 (0.30) | −0.62 (0.29) | −1.35 (0.21) | −1.08 (0.15) | −0.94 (0.14) | −0.84 (0.15) |
Difference | 0.13 [−0.51, 0.79] | −0.58 [−1.22, 0.06] | −0.17 [−0.53, 0.20] | −0.03 [−0.26, 0.20] | −0.04 [−0.26, 0.18] | −0.09 [−0.34, 0.15] |
MODEL 6 (n = 210)8 | ||||||
Diarrhea 15 days before baseline visit | ||||||
No | −1.80 (0.36) | −0.46 (0.28) | −1.32 (0.22) | −1.12 (0.16) | −0.96 (0.15) | −0.80 (0.16) |
Yes | −2.26 (0.49) | −0.47 (0.37) | −1.18 (0.27) | −1.13 (0.17) | −1.07 (0.16) | −1.04 (0.17) |
Difference | −0.46 [−1.27, 0.34] | −0.01 [−0.63, 0.61] | 0.14 [−0.28, 0.56] | −0.01 [−0.25, 0.23] | −0.11 [−0.35, 0.13] | −0.24 [−0.50, 0.02] |