Table 1 Mean height-for-age Z score and prevalence of stunting according to baseline characteristics, Acrelândia, Brazil
n1 | Mean HAZ (SD)2 | P 3 | % stunted4 | P 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 256 | −0.53 (1.15) | 10.2 | ||
Child’s sex | 0.376 | 0.866 | |||
Female | 132 | −0.59 (1.10) | 9.8 | ||
Male | 124 | −0.47 (1.21) | 10.5 | ||
Child’s age | <0.001 | 0.875 | |||
0-5 months | 21 | −0.24 (1.33) | 19.0 | ||
6-11 months | 27 | 0.30 (1.04) | 0.0 | ||
12-23 months | 47 | −0.41 (1.17) | 8.5 | ||
24-35 months | 56 | −0.83 (1.04) | 12.5 | ||
≥36 months | 105 | −0.70 (1.09) | 10.5 | ||
Socioeconomic characteristics | |||||
Wealth index | 0.008 | 0.035 | |||
Below median | 136 | −0.70 (1.16) | 14.0 | ||
Above median | 118 | −0.32 (1.12) | 5.9 | ||
Land ownership | 0.035 | 0.136 | |||
No | 208 | −0.60 (1.16) | 11.5 | ||
Yes | 47 | −0.21 (1.09) | 4.3 | ||
Mother’s educational level | 0.003 | 0.074 | |||
0-4 years | 102 | −0.68 (1.12) | 11.8 | ||
≥5 years | 88 | −0.19 (1.12) | 4.5 | ||
Access to treated water | 0.866 | 0.242 | |||
No | 82 | −0.54 (1.34) | 13.4 | ||
Yes | 173 | −0.52 (1.06) | 8.7 | ||
Access to public garbage collection | 0.206 | 0.005 | |||
No | 53 | −0.70 (1.40) | 20.8 | ||
Yes | 199 | −0.47 (1.08) | 7.5 | ||
Maternal characteristics | |||||
Mother’s age | 0.915 | 0.468 | |||
≤20 years | 27 | −0.45 (1.28) | 18.5 | ||
21-30 years | 143 | −0.51 (1.14) | 9.1 | ||
>30 years | 55 | −0.50 (1.28) | 10.9 | ||
Mother’s height | <0.001 | 0.008 | |||
1st tertile: ≤154.0 cm | 77 | −0.95 (1.16) | 18.2 | ||
2nd tertile: 154.1-159.4 cm | 77 | −0.55 (1.02) | 7.8 | ||
3rd tertile: ≥159.5 cm | 78 | −0.22 (1.10) | 5.1 | ||
Smoking during pregnancy | 0.016 | 0.193 | |||
No | 176 | −0.43 (1.18) | 8.5 | ||
Yes | 55 | −0.85 (1.00) | 14.5 | ||
Child characteristics | |||||
Child’s birth weight | <0.001 | 0.013 | |||
≤2500 g | 18 | −1.45 (0.73) | 16.7 | ||
2501-3500 g | 156 | −0.66 (1.11) | 12.2 | ||
>3500 g | 76 | −0.01 (1.08) | 2.6 | ||
Child’s birth length | <0.001 | 0.003 | |||
1st tertile: ≤48 cm | 77 | −0.96 (1.06) | 14.3 | ||
2nd tertile: 49–50 cm | 73 | −0.17 (1.00) | 4.1 | ||
3rd tertile: ≥51 cm | 39 | 0.15 (1.25) | 0.0 | ||
Age at cow’s milk introduction | 0.689 | 0.867 | |||
<3 months | 77 | −0.60 (1.15) | 10.4 | ||
≥3 months | 165 | −0.53 (1.14) | 9.7 | ||
Morbidities 15 days before baseline visit: | |||||
Diarrhea | 0.892 | 0.985 | |||
No | 195 | −0.53 (1.19) | 10.3 | ||
Yes | 59 | −0.56 (1.04) | 10.2 | ||
Vomiting | 0.291 | 0.910 | |||
No | 233 | −0.51 (1.16) | 10.3 | ||
Yes | 21 | −0.79 (0.99) | 9.5 | ||
Cough with fever | 0.206 | 0.951 | |||
No | 222 | −0.50 (1.17) | 10.4 | ||
Yes | 30 | −0.79 (1.03) | 10.0 |