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Table 3 Stigma variables

From: Women's views on consent, counseling and confidentiality in PMTCT: a mixed-methods study in four African countries

Self-stigma

   "I sometimes feel worthless because I am HIV-positive"

   "I feel guilty because I have HIV"

Enacted stigma

   "Have you personally ever been made to feel bad because of things people did or say to you on account of your HIV status?"

   "Did health workers ignore or avoid caring for you?"

Reported community stigma

   "Have you heard of people who have been badly treated because they have HIV?"

Attitudes and behaviors related to disclosure

   "Important that nobody knows results"

   "Kept status secret"