Individual and social determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors among youth

Alamian, Arsham; Paradis, Gilles

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-224

BMC Public Health

Table 5 Adjusted rate ratios (95% CIs) for the longitudinal associations between selected individual/social distal and ultimate variables and multiple behavioral risk factors (n = 1135), National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, 2000-2005^a

From: Individual and social determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors among youth

	Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c			Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c			Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c			Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c
	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
	Individual characteristics			Individual characteristics			Individual characteristics			Individual characteristics
	Distal			Distal			Distal			Distal
	Self-esteem^d	0.97	0.97, 0.98	Self-esteem^d	0.98	0.97, 0.98	Self-esteem^d	0.98	0.98, 0.99	Self-esteem^d	0.98	0.98, 0.99
	Academic performance			Academic performance			Academic performance			Academic performance
	Poor/very poor	1	Referent	Poor/very poor	1	Referent	Poor/very poor	1	Referent	Poor/very poor	1	Referent
	Average	0.93	0.85, 1.01	Average	0.93	0.85, 1.01	Average	0.98	0.88, 1.09	Average	0.98	0.88, 1.09
	Well	0.88	0.80, 0.96	Well	0.88	0.80, 0.97	Well	0.94	0.84, 1.05	Well	0.94	0.84, 1.04
	Very well	0.88	0.79, 0.97	Very well	0.88	0.79, 0.98	Very well	0.96	0.86, 1.08	Very well	0.96	0.85, 1.08
	Time			Ultimate			Ultimate			Ultimate
	1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent	Sex			Sex			Sex
	2 (Cycle 5)	1.08	1.03, 1.14	Female	1	Referent	Female	1	Referent	Female	1	Referent
	3 (Cycle 6)	1.37	1.30, 1.44	Male	1.00	0.95, 1.05	Male	1.01	0.97, 1.05	Male	1.01	0.97, 1.05
	Intercept	3.38	3.00, 3.81	Age, years^e			Age, years^e			Age, years^e
				10	1	Referent	10	1	Referent	10	1	Referent
				11	1.07	1.01, 1.13	11	1.01	0.96, 1.06	11	1.01	0.96, 1.06
				Anxiety^f	1.01	1.00, 1.02	Anxiety^f	1.00	0.99, 1.01	Anxiety^f	1.01	1.00, 1.01
				Time			Social characteristics			Social characteristics
				1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent	Distal			Distal
				2 (Cycle 5)	1.09	1.03, 1.14	PMK smoking status			PMK smoking status
				3 (Cycle 6)	1.37	1.30, 1.44	Nonsmoker	1	Referent	Nonsmoker	1	Referent
				Intercept	3.09	2.66, 3.60	Smoker	1.10	1.05, 1.16	Smoker	1.11	1.05, 1.16
							PMK drinking status			PMK drinking status
							Nondrinker	1	Referent	Nondrinker	1	Referent
							Drinker	1.01	0.97, 1.06	Drinker	1.01	0.97, 1.05
							Parent-child relationship^g	1.00	0.99, 1.00	Parent-child relationship^g	1.00	0.99, 1.00
							Peer smoking			Peer smoking
							No peers	1	Referent	No peers	1	Referent
							A few peers	1.13	1.06, 1.21	A few peers	1.14	1.07, 1.22
							Most/All peers	1.40	1.27, 1.54	Most/All peers	1.41	1.28, 1.55
							Peer drinking			Peer drinking
							No peers	1	Referent	No peers	1	Referent
							A few peers	1.12	1.05, 1.20	A few peers	1.12	1.04, 1.19
							Most/All peers	1.24	1.15, 1.35	Most/All peers	1.23	1.14, 1.34
							Peer-child relationship^h	1.00	0.99, 1.00	Peer-child relationship^h	0.99	0.99, 1.00
							Time			Social characteristics
							1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent	Ultimate
							2 (Cycle 5)	1.05	0.99, 1.10	Family structure
							3 (Cycle 6)	1.15	1.08, 1.23	2 parents	1	Referent
							Intercept	3.04	2.60, 3.35	1 parent	1.04	0.97, 1.12
										PMK Education
										Low (< 12 years of school)	1	Referent
										High (≥l2 years of school)	0.99	0.94, 1.05
										Annual household income
										< CAN$30,000	1	Referent
										CAN$30,000- 59,999	1.00	0.94. 1.08
										CAN$60,000- 89,999	1.09	1.00, 1.17
										≥CAN$90,000	1.04	0.96, 1.12
										Time
										1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent
										2 (Cycle 5)	1.04	0.99, 1.10
										3 (Cycle 6)	1.15	1.08, 1.22
										Intercept	2.95	2.49, 3.50
-2 Log Lⁱ	1294.37			1285.03			1097.17			1086.24
Log L ratio^j	76.94***			9.34**			187.86***			10.93*
DF	4			3			8			5

CAN = Canadian; CI = confidence interval; DF = degrees of freedom; PMK = person most knowledgeable.
^a Multiple behavioral risk factor score was the dependent variable.
^b Adjusted rate ratios from the multivariate longitudinal Poisson regression model with adjustment for all covariates in the corresponding model and time (cycles).
^c CIs were computed using bootstrap weights to account for the complex sampling design of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.
^d Self-esteem was assessed using a global score ranging from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating positive self-esteem.
^e Age at baseline (Cycle 4).
^f Anxiety was assessed using a global score ranging from 0 to 14, with higher scores indicating the presence of greater anxiety.
^g The parent-child relationship was assessed using a global score ranging from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating a better relationship between parents and child.
^h Peer-child relationships were assessed using a global score ranging from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating a better relationship between the child and his/her peers.
ⁱ -2 (log-likelihood) for the model containing each specific block of distal and ultimate variables. The -2 (log-likelihood) of the initial (intercept-only + time) model was 1371.31.
^j Log-likelihood ratio or change in -2 (log-likelihood) is presented for each block of distal or ultimate variables entered in the multivariate model. At each step, the log-likelihood of the bigger model was compared to the log-likelihood of the previous smaller model.
*p = .05; **p < .05; ***p < .001.

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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