Individual and social determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors among youth

Alamian, Arsham; Paradis, Gilles

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-224

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Rate ratios (95% CIs) for the longitudinal associations between selected social distal and social ultimate variables and multiple behavioral risk factors (n = 1135), National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, 2000-2005^a

From: Individual and social determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors among youth

	Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c			Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c			Rate ratio^b 95% CI^c
	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	Social characteristics			Social characteristics			Social characteristics
	Ultimate			Distal			Ultimate
	Family structure			PMK smoking status			Family structure
	2 parents	1	Referent	Nonsmoker	1	Referent	2 parents	1	Referent
	1 parent	1.07	0.98, 1.17	Smoker	1.10	1.05, 1.15	1 parent	1.05	0.97, 1.12
	PMK Education			PMK drinking status			PMK Education
	Low (< 12 years of school)	1	Referent	Nondrinker	1	Referent	Low (< 12 years of school)	1	Referent
	High (≥l2 years of school)	0.94	0.88, 1.01	Drinker	1.01	0.97, 1.06	High (≥l2 years of school)	0.98	0.92, 1.04
	Annual household income			Parent-child relationship^d	0.99	0.99, 1.00	Annual household income
	< CAN$30,000	1	Referent	Peer smoking			< CAN$30,000	1	Referent
	CAN$30,000 -59,999	1.01	0.94, 1.09	No peers	1	Referent	CAN$30,000 -59,999	1.01	0.94, 1.08
	CAN$60,000 -89,999	1.07	0.98, 1.16	A few peers	1.14	1.06, 1.22	CAN$60,000 -89,999	1.09	1.00, 1.17
	≥CAN$90,000	1.03	0.93, 1.13	Most/All peers	1.41	1.27, 1.56	≥CAN$90,000	1.04	0.96, 1.14
	Time			Peer drinking			Distal
	1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent	No peers	1	Referent	PMK smoking status
	2 (Cycle 5)	1.10	1.05, 1.16	A few peers	1.13	1.06, 1.21	Nonsmoker	1	Referent
	3 (Cycle 6)	1.41	1.34, 1.49	Most/All peers	1.26	1.17, 1.37	Smoker	1.10	1.05, 1.15
	Intercept	2.10	1.94, 2.29	Peer-child relationship^e	0.99	0.98, 1.00	PMK drinking status
				Time			Nondrinker	1	Referent
				1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent	Drinker	1.01	0.97, 1.05
				2 (Cycle 5)	1.06	1.01, 1.11	Parent-child relationship^d	0.99	0.99, 1.00
				3 (Cycle 6)	1.16	1.09, 1.24	Peer smoking
				Intercept	2.75	2.45, 3.08	No peers	1	Referent
							A few peers	1.14	1.06, 1.22
							Most/All peers	1.41	1.27, 1.57
							Peer drinking
							No peers	1	Referent
							A few peers	1.13	1.06, 1.21
							Most/All peers	1.26	1.17, 1.36
							Peer-child relationship^e	0.99	0.98, 1.00
							Time
							1 (Cycle 4)	1	Referent
							2 (Cycle 5)	1.05	1.00, 1.11
							3 (Cycle 6)	1.15	1.08, 1.23
							Intercept	2.71	2.39, 3.07
-2 Log L^f	1349.28			1117.23			1107.07
Log L ratio^g	22.03***			254.07***			264.24***
DF	5			8			13

CAN = Canadian; CI = confidence interval; DF = degrees of freedom; PMK = person most knowledgeable.
^a Multiple behavioral risk factor score was the dependent variable.
^b Rate ratios from the multivariate longitudinal Poisson regression model with adjustment for all covariates in the corresponding model and time (cycles).
^c CIs were computed using bootstrap weights to account for the complex sampling design of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth.
^d The parent-child relationship was assessed using a global score ranging from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating a better relationship between parents and child.
^e Peer-child relationships were assessed using a global score ranging from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating a better relationship between the child and his/her peers.
^f -2 (log-likelihood) for the model containing each specific block of distal and/or ultimate variables. The -2 (log-likelihood) of the initial (intercept-only + time) model was 1371.31.
^g Log-likelihood ratio or change in -2 (log-likelihood) compared to the initial (intercept-only + time) model.
***p < .001.

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