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Table 2 Factors associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in multivariate analysis

From: Diabetes mellitus type 2 in urban Ghana: characteristics and associated factors

Parameter

aOR for diabetes (95% CI)

aOR for diabetes without hypertension (95% CI)

aOR for diabetes with hypertension (95% CI)

Residence (Kumasi outskirts)

1.93 (1.27-2.93)

1.78 (1.12-2.84)

1.96 (1.16-3.31)

Triglycerides ≥ 1.695 mmol/l

1.83 (1.13-2.97)

-

2.46 (1.40-4.32)

Increased waist-to-hip ratio a

2.63 (1.76-3.93)

2.92 (1.85-4.61)

2.93 (1.79-4.81)

Diabetes family history, positive

3.79 (2.60-5.51)

3.92 (2.56-6.01)

3.72 (2.35-5.88)

Type of main work (light)

0.44 (0.25-0.78)

0.50 (0.26-0.96)

0.30 (0.15-0.59)

Working time > 40 h/week

1.76 (1.20-2.57)

1.85 (1.19-2.87)

1.84 (1.15-2.95)

Illiteracy

1.95 (1.28-2.97)

2.27 (1.43-3.62)

-

Unemployment

4.23 (2.33-7.65)

2.58 (1.30-5.12)

5.71 (2.95-11.06)

Crowded living condition b

2.78 (1.71-4.51)

2.59 (1.53-4.40)

3.58 (1.97-6.48)

Carbohydrate < 55% of energy

1.63 (1.12-2.35)

-

2.02 (1.27-3.22)

  1. aOR, adjusted odds ratio from multivariate logistic regression. Age and gender were a priori included. All univariately associated variables were included and stepwise backward removal of insignificantly associated factors (P > 0.05) identified independently associated parameters. R2 for diabetes, 0.53; R2 for diabetes without hypertension, 0.39; R2 for diabetes with hypertension, 0.65. All univariately associated parameters from Table 1 (partially dichotomised) were included in a fully adjusted model. The type and degree of associations held true; each aOR changed < 44%. a, male, ≥ 0.90; female, ≥ 0.85; b, > 75th percentile of the number of people per household (n > 8)