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Table 2 Ideal and actual levels of involvement of community pharmacists and most appropriate primary-care providers for these services

From: Ideal and actual involvement of community pharmacists in health promotion and prevention: a cross-sectional study in Quebec, Canada

Services

Very involved n (%)

Involved n (%)

Little involved n (%)

Not at all involved n (%)

Ideal level of involvement

    

Lifestyle

    

   Smoking cessation

478 (84.3)

85 (15.0)

4 (0.7)

0 (0)

   Physical-activity promotion

94 (16.6)

403 (71.1)

68 (12.0)

2 (0.4)

   Healthy eating

97 (17.2)

389 (68.8)

76 (13.5)

3 (0.5)

   Weight management

128 (22.6)

359 (63.4)

75 (13.3)

4 (0.7)

   Alcohol consumption

80 (14.1)

361 (63.8)

117 (20.7)

8 (1.4)

   Dental health

27 (4.8)

231 (40.9)

281 (49.7)

26 (4.6)

Screening for:

    

   Hypertension

464 (81.8)

96 (16.9)

7 (1.2)

0 (0)

   Diabetes

431 (76.0)

127 (22.4)

9 (1.6)

0 (0)

   Dyslipidemia

322 (56.9)

217 (38.3)

24 (4.2)

3 (0.5)

   Risk of suicide

138 (24.4)

266 (47.1)

148 (26.2)

13 (2.3)

Sexual health

    

Emergency oral

contraception

505 (89.1)

58 (10.2)

3 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

   Contraception

361 (63.7)

191 (33.7)

15 (2.6)

0 (0)

   Counseling with partners when initiating treatment for sexually transmitted diseases

350 (61.7)

194 (34.2)

21 (3.7)

2 (0.4)

Infectious diseases and immunization

    

   Travel health

242 (42.8)

276 (48.8)

44 (7.8)

4 (0.7)

   Needle-exchange programs

259 (45.8)

236 (41.8)

60 (10.6)

10 (1.8)

   Immunization programs

163 (28.8)

313 (55.4)

82 (14.5)

7 (1.2)

Actual level of involvement

    

   Lifestyle

32 (5.7)

232 (41.3)

243 (43.2)

55 (9.8)

   Screening for hypertension

252 (44.5)

267 (47.2)

42 (7.4)

5 (0.9)

   Screening for diabetes

198 (34.7)

255 (44.7)

100 (17.5)

17 (3.0)

   Screening for dyslipidemia

37 (6.5)

150 (26.5)

177 (31.3)

202 (35.7)

   Sexual health

109 (19.3)

274 (48.5)

147 (26.0)

35 (6.2)

   Infectious diseases and immunization

48 (8.6)

189 (33.8)

216 (38.6)

107 (19.1)

Most appropriate providersa

Primary care physicians n (%)

Community pharmacists n (%)

Nurses n (%)

Other or nonen

n (%)

   Lifestyle

327 (61.0)

379 (70.7)

354 (66.0)

166 (31.0)b

   Screening for hypertension

399 (71.6)

520 (93.4)

429 (77.0)

22 (4.0)c

   Screening for dyslipidemia

443 (83.1)

328 (61.5)

311 (58.3)

22(4.2)d

   Screening for diabetes

419 (75.2)

494 (88.7)

442 (79.4)

27 (4.9)e

   Sexual health

427 (77.6)

488 (88.7)

416 (75.6)

13 (2.3)f

   Infectious diseases and immunization

371 (70.3)

313 (59.3)

450 (85.2)

17 (3.2)g

  1. aMore than one item could be checked.
  2. bOther includes kinesiologists (n = 48); nutritionists (n = 46); physiotherapists (n = 28); personal trainers in gyms (n = 12); dieticians (n = 12); occupational therapists (n = 11); physical educators in schools (n = 10); all health professionals as multidisciplinary teams (n = 7); government (n = 5); public-health agencies (n = 4); technical assistants (n = 2); local community service centre (CLSC) (n = 2); community support groups (n = 2); technicians (n = 2); recreation consultants (n = 1); and pharmacy students (n = 1).
  3. cOther includes technical assistants (n = 9); pharmacy students (n = 3); technicians (n = 3); the patient him/herself (n = 3); and CLSC (n = 2).
  4. dOther includes nutritionists (n = 6); technical assistants (n = 1); CLSC (n = 1); dieticians (n = 1); and pharmacy students (n = 1).
  5. eOther includes technical assistants (n = 8); nutritionists (n = 7); dieticians (n = 3); diabetes clinic (n = 3); CLSC (n = 2); physiotherapists (n = 1); technicians (n = 1); and the patient him/herself (n = 1).
  6. fOther includes CLSC (n = 5); schools (n = 3); public-health agencies (n = 1); and sexologists (n = 1).
  7. gOther includes travel clinic (n = 5); CLSC (n = 4); and public-health agencies (n = 1).