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Table 5 Results for the fixed effects spatial error model (SEA) and the fixed effects spatial autocorrelation model (SAR)

From: Infant mortality in Brazil, 1980-2000: A spatial panel data analysis

Spatial fixed effects

Dependent variable:

log(infant mortality rate)t - log(infant mortality rate)t-1

FE SEA model

FE SAR model

Number of public health care institutions per 1,000 people t-1

0.046

**

0.033

*

Number of private health care institutions per 1,000 people t-1

0.182

***

0.184

***

% of households with access to water t-1

0.212

***

0.170

***

% of households with access to sanitation t-1

0.133

***

0.134

***

Average income (2000 R$) t-1

0.000

 

0.000

 

Gini Index t-1

-0.248

***

-0.264

***

Female illiteracy rate (15 years old or more) t-1

-0.275

***

-0.346

***

% of urban population t-1

-0.061

 

-0.069

 

Adolescent fertility rate (10-19 years old) t-1

-0.385

***

-0.222

 

W * Number of public health care institutions per 1,000 people t- 1

-0.069

   

W * Number of private health care institutions per 1,000 people t-1

0.593

***

  

W * % of households with access to water t-1

0.189

***

  

W * % of households with access to sanitation t-1

0.204

***

  

Spatial error autocorrelation (ρ)

0.553

***

  

Spatial lag of the log(infant mortality rate) (δ)

  

0.5530

***

R 2

0.5478

 

0.6607

 

σ ε 2

0.0262

 

0.0262

 

Loglikelihood

2,724

 

2,723

 

AIC

-5,421

 

-5,426

 

Corr-squared

0.1792

 

0.1803

 

N

7,318

 

7,318

 
  1. * α = 0.10; ** α = 0.05; *** α = 0.01;