Tribal casinos in California: the last vestige of indoor smoking

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Odds of California residents having visited an Indian casino in the year prior to the 2008 survey

Measure	Patrons Column %	Non-Patrons Column %	Adjusted OR^c (95% C.I.)
Sample Size^a	n = 3, 361	N = 7, 036	n = 10, 157^d
Demographics
Sex
Male (vs. Female)	50.0%	49.2%	.96 (.79, 1.17)
Age
18-29-year-olds	19.6%	21.2%	Referent
30-49-year-olds	37.1%	42.0%	1.00 (.78, 1.29)
≥ 50-year-olds	43.3%	36.8%	1.35 (1.11, 1.65) ^δ
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic Caucasian	42.8%	48.2%	Referent
Non-Hispanic African-American	6.8%	5.5%	1.59 (1.29, 1.97) ^¥
Hispanic	36.9%	30.9%	1.65 (1.24, 2.19) ^δ
American Indian/Native Alaskan	3.0%	2.8%	.93 (.43, 2.02)
Asian/Pacific Islander/Other	10.5%	12.6%	1.27 (1.00, 1.60)*
Highest grade of school completed
< 12^th grade	13.7%	14.4%	Referent
12^th grade	30.5%	23.3%	1.64 (1.03, 2.61)*
> 12^th grade	55.8%	62.3%	1.34 (.89, 2.03)
California Residence (Bioregion)
Klamath/North Coast, Modoc, Col.^b	11.1%	5.6%	Referent
Sacramento Valley and Sierra	18.4%	13.1%	.71 (.52, .98)*
San Francisco Bay Area/Delta	11.0%	20.9%	.28 (.19, .40) ^¥
Central Coast and San Joaquin Val.	8.1%	8.7%	.47 (.30, .73) ^δ
South Coast	51.4%	51.7%	.50 (.37, .67) ^¥
Smoking Status
Never Smoker	53.7%	66.7%	Referent
Former smoker	28.7%	22.9%	1.56 (1.22, 2.01) ^δ
Current smoker	17.6%	10.4%	2.13 (1.77, 2.55) ^¥

*p < .05; ^δ p < .01; ^¥ p < .0001. ^aSample sizes are not weighted; percents are weighted. ^bReferent for California residence includes Klamath/North Coast, Modoc, Colorado Desert and Mojave. ^cOdds ratios are adjusted for all other variables in Table 1. ^dNot equal to the sum of 3361 and 7036 due to missing data

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