Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Characteristics | No hypertension | Hypertension | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (N = 11,451; 67.5%) | (N = 5,505; 32.5%) | Â |
Age (y), mean (SD) | 50.3 (16.8) | 63.0 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Men | 5,225 (67.5) | 2,518 (32.5) | < 0.001 |
   Women | 6,226 (67.6) | 2,987 (32.4) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Married | 8,311 (68.5) | 3,816 (31.5) | < 0.001 |
   Others | 3,140 (65.0) | 1,689 (35.0) |  |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Elementary school or less | 4,166 (54.9) | 3,416 (45.1) | < 0.001 |
   Middle or high school | 4,287 (73.9) | 1,515 (26.1) |  |
   Undergraduate or graduate | 2,754 (85.6) | 463 (14.4) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-smoker | 7,418 (68.5) | 3,415 (31.5) | < 0.001 |
   Former smoker | 1,180 (57.4) | 877 (42.6) |  |
   Current smoker | 2,405 (69.5) | 1,053 (30.5) |  |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 7,204 (68.8) | 3,266 (31.2) | < 0.001 |
   Yes | 4,029 (65.3) | 2,143 (34.7) |  |
Physical activity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 7,554 (66.1) | 3,870 (33.9) | < 0.001 |
   Yes | 3,897 (70.4) | 1,635 (29.6) |  |
Self-rated health, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Excellent | 664 (78.9) | 178 (21.1) | < 0.001 |
   Good | 3,947 (75.5) | 1,278 (24.5) |  |
   Fair | 5,140 (69.1) | 2,301 (30.9) |  |
   Poor | 1,437 (49.1) | 1,492 (50.9) |  |
   Very poor | 179 (44.3) | 225 (55.7) |  |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 22.9 (2.8) | 24.1 (3.2) | < 0.001 |