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Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression for estimating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for practicing good and average (with poor practice as the reference category) by the selected factors

From: Knowledge and self-care practices regarding diabetes among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Level of Practice

Independent variables

 ß

Sig.

Odds ratio

95% C.I. for EXP(ß)

 Lower

Upper

Good

Age (years)

     
 

<40

−0.65

0.19

0.52

 0.19

1.39

 

>40

Reference

    
 

Monthly income (BDT)

     
 

High income group

−1.15

0.25

0.32

 0.04

2.22

 

Lower middle income group

−0.37

0.53

0.69

 0.22

2.20

 

Upper middle income group

−1.21

0.12

0.29

 0.06

1.35

 

Low income group

Reference

    
 

Gender

     
 

Male

0.26

0.76

1.29

 0.23

7.24

 

Female

Reference

    
 

Total Basic knowledge

0.25

0.03

1.28

 1.03

1.60

 

Total Technical knowledge

0.15

0.06

1.16

 0.99

1.37

 

Occupation

     
 

Service

−0.40

0.60

0.66

 0.14

3.07

 

Homemaker

−0.46

0.50

0.62

 0.16

2.44

 

Business

2.20

0.03

9.05

 1.17

70.08

 

Others (unemployed)

Reference

    
 

Level of Education

     
 

Primary to 8th grade

0.81

0.24

2.24

 0.58

8.65

 

Secondary–Higher Secondary

1.10

0.15

3.00

 0.65

13.80

 

Graduate & above

1.27

0.15

3.56

 0.61

20.66

 

Illiterate

Reference

    
 

Habitat

     
 

Urban

0.55

0.33

1.74

 0.56

5.33

 

Semi urban

0.06

0.92

1.06

 0.29

3.83

 

Rural

Reference

    
 

Family history of diabetes

     
 

Yes

0.11

0.81

1.12

 0.42

2.96

 

No

Reference

    
 

Information from inside health care center

     
 

Yes

0.62

0.23

1.86

 0.67

5.19

 

No

Reference

    
 

Information from outside health care center

     
 

Yes

0.21

0.73

1.23

 0.37

4.01

 

No

Reference

    

Average

Age (years)

     
 

<40

−0.25

0.51

0.77

 0.35

1.68

 

>40

Reference

    
 

Monthly income (BDT)

     
 

High income group

−1.85

0.02

0.15

 0.03

0.77

 

Lower middle income group

−0.28

0.51

0.75

 0.32

1.75

 

Upper middle income group

−0.89

0.12

0.40

 0.12

1.29

 

Low income group

Reference

    
 

Gender

     
 

Male

−0.33

0.64

0.71

 0.17

2.95

 

Female

Reference

    
 

Total Basic knowledge

0.12

0.15

1.13

 0.95

1.34

 

Total Technical knowledge

0.09

0.12

1.09

 0.97

1.22

 

Occupation

     
 

Service

−0.31

0.60

0.73

 0.22

2.36

 

Homemaker

−0.28

0.57

0.75

 0.27

2.04

 

Business

1.17

0.16

3.25

 0.60

17.40

 

Others (unemployed)

Reference

    
 

Level of Education

     
 

Primary to 8th grade

0.11

0.81

1.11

 0.45

2.75

 

Secondary–Higher Secondary

0.47

0.39

1.61

 0.53

4.81

 

Graduate & above

0.07

0.91

1.07

 0.29

4.01

 

Illiterate

Reference

    
 

Habitat

     
 

Urban

0.67

0.13

1.95

 0.81

4.69

 

Semi urban

0.71

0.14

2.04

 0.78

5.32

 

Rural

Reference

    
 

Family history of diabetes

     
 

Yes

0.16

0.65

1.17

 0.56

2.43

 

No

Reference

    
 

Information from inside health care center

     
 

Yes

−0.08

0.84

0.91

 0.38

2.17

 

No

Reference

    
 

Information from outside health care center

     
 

Yes

0.04

0.91

1.05

 0 .45

2.44

 

No

Reference

    
  1. ß for standardized regression coefficient. Level of practice was taken as dependent variable whereas other variables were taken as independent variables.