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Table 3 Health outcomes* for males related to caregiver status 2009 (adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals)**

From: Physical and mental health among caregivers: findings from a cross-sectional study of Open University students in Thailand

Participant characteristics

Poor self-assessed health

Lower back pain

Psychological distress

Males (n=27407)

(n=23519)**

(n=23233)

(n=22781)

Caregiver status

  Non caregiver

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Part-time caregiver

1.15 [0.90-1.32]

1.36 [1.19-1.57]

1.16 [1.01-1.34]

  Full-time caregiver

1.14 [0.89-1.47]

1.67 [1.34-2.08]

1.68 [1.32-2.09]

Demographic characteristics

Age (year)

  20-29

1.50 [1.17-1.93]

0.91 [0.72-1.16]

1.44 [1.12-1.84]

  30-44

1.48 [1.22-1.79]

0.99 [0.83-1.18]

1.29 [1.05-1.59]

  45+

1.00

1.00

1.00

Marital status

  Married

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Never married

1.16 [0.99-1.35]

0.72 [0.60-0.85]

1.33 [1.13-1.55]

  Separated, divorced, widowed

1.37 [1.05-1.78]

1.13 [0.87-1.47]

2.02 [1.58-2.58]

Socio-geographic characteristics

Household monthly income (Baht)

  <10,000

1.10 [0.87-1.39]

2.09 [1.66-2.62]

2.38 [1.88-3.02]

  10,000-19,999

1.01 [0.82-1.25]

1.64 [1.32-2.03]

1.80 [1.43-2.26]

  20,000-30,000

0.93 [0.79-1.11]

1.21 [1.01-1.46]

1.27 [1.04-1.56]

  >30,000

1.00

1.00

1.00

Work status

  Doing paid work

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Unpaid family workers

1.23 [0.93-1.63]

1.49 [1.16-1.92]

1.19 [0.90-1.57]

  Seeking work

1.33 [0.87-2.02]

1.82 [1.26-1.62]

2.94 [2.19-3.94]

  Others

1.08 [0.91-1.29]

1.19 [1.01-1.42]

1.17 [0.99-1.39]

Geographical residence

  Rural residence

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Urban residence

1.15 [1.01-1.32]

0.89 [0.78-1.01]

1.21 [1.06-1.38]

Health-risk behaviours

  Regular smokers - no

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Regular smokers - yes

1.53 [1.31-1.78]

1.31 [1.11-1.53]

1.41 [1.20-1.65]

  Regular alcohol drinkers - no

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Regular alcohol drinkers - yes

1.18 [1.02-1.37]

1.15 [0.90-1.25]

1.35 [1.17-1.57]

Body Mass Index

  Underweight

1.67 [1.24-2.26]

1.23 [0.89-1.71]

1.35 [1.02-1.79]

  Normal

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Overweight at risk

1.13 [0.95-1.34]

1.06 [0.90-1.25]

0.91 [0.77-1.08]

  Obese

1.62 [1.39-1.89]

1.21 [1.03-1.41]

1.11 [0.95-1.30]

  1. *self-assessed health: ‘poor or very poor’; lower back pain: limits daily activity > 1 day; Kessler 6: score ≥ 13.
  2. **multivariate analyses (numbers varied for each outcome): logistic regression included all attributes listed in Table.