Urban A (n=363) | Rural B (n=269) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
Gender (1=Male, 0=Female) | .06 | .350 | .07 | .240 | .03 | .536 | -.08 | .097 | -.07 | .160 | -.05 | .291 |
Age (years) | -.24 | <.001 | -.20 | <.001 | -.13 | .037 | -.04 | .461 | -.03 | .624 | .02 | .649 |
Physical activity limitations | .32 | <.001 | .29 | <.001 | .25 | <.001 | .33 | <.001 | .30 | <.001 | .28 | <.001 |
Education | ||||||||||||
Junior high school (ref) | ||||||||||||
High school | .05 | .688 | .08 | .522 | .11 | .362 | -.01 | .941 | .00 | .948 | .08 | .225 |
Junior or technical college | .00 | .989 | .08 | .526 | .11 | .376 | -.06 | .415 | -.02 | .774 | .05 | .393 |
Four-year university or graduate school | .02 | .912 | .13 | .341 | .14 | .270 | .03 | .609 | .05 | .389 | .09 | .107 |
Economic status | -.15 | .015 | -.06 | .301 | -.05 | .402 | -.06 | .250 | -.01 | .891 | -.01 | .903 |
Marital status | .03 | .573 | .09 | .095 | .09 | .094 | -.06 | .241 | -.04 | .382 | -.06 | .201 |
Employment status | -.10 | .086 | -.09 | .082 | -.08 | .133 | .00 | .959 | .01 | .890 | .02 | .613 |
Life stressors | .27 | <.001 | .19 | .003 | .15 | .015 | .32 | <.001 | .22 | <.001 | .09 | .085 |
Social resources | ||||||||||||
Social capital | .05 | .362 | .04 | .402 | -.02 | .640 | .01 | .761 | ||||
Social support | .00 | .958 | .02 | .672 | -.07 | .184 | -.04 | .391 | ||||
Community activities | -.03 | .626 | .00 | .940 | -.02 | .670 | -.04 | .358 | ||||
Psychological resources | ||||||||||||
Self-esteem | -.26 | <.001 | -.12 | .088 | -.21 | <.001 | -.05 | .373 | ||||
Humor | -.06 | .289 | -.05 | .312 | -.11 | .020 | -.10 | .023 | ||||
Optimism | -.16 | .012 | -.13 | .029 | -.08 | .174 | -.07 | .163 | ||||
SOC score | -.30 | <.001 | -.41 | <.001 | ||||||||
Adjusted R2 | .36 | .46 | .49 | .31 | .40 | .49 | ||||||
ΔR2 | .11 | .04 | .10 | .09 |