Effects of self-rated health on sick leave, disability pension, hospital admissions and mortality. A population-based longitudinal study of nearly 15,000 observations among Swedish women and men

Table 2 Characteristics

	N	Women			Men
		n	Mean or %	SD	n	Mean or %	SD	p
Number of observations	14,470	6,816	47.1		7,654	52.9
Mean follow-up time, years			8.6	2.6		11.4	5.6
Person-years during follow up		27,034			73,217
Age	14,469	6,816	52.3	12.6	7,653	56.5	13.0	<0.0001
Education	14,120	6,722			7,398			<0.0001
University/collage		1,605	23.9		1,554	21.0
Upper secondary school		1,286	19.1		1,166	15.8
Vocational school		1,608	23.9		1,905	25.8
Compulsory school		2,223	33.1		2,773	37.5
Employment status	14,187	6,575			7,612			<0.0001
Employed		4,444	67.6		4,511	59.3
Unemployed		271	4.1		286	3.8
Sick-leave/disability pension		713	10.8		624	8.2
Old age retirement		1,147	17.4		2,191	28.8
Married/cohabiting	14,338	4,990	74.0		5,927	78.0		<0.0001
Smoking habits	14,330	6,735			7,595			0.001
Never smoked or ex-smoker		5,002	74.3		5,455	71.8
Current smoker		1,733	25.7		2,140	28.2
Leisure time physical activity	13,787	6,678			7,109			<0.0001
Vigorously active		49	0.7		113	1.6
Active		890	13.3		1,304	18.3
Moderately active		4,663	69.8		4,511	63.4
Sedentary		1,076	16.1		1,181	16.6
Complaint score (range 0–30)	11,365	3,777	7.8	5.4	7,588	5.3	4.7	<0.0001
Self-rated health	14,020	6,568			7,452			<0.0001
7 “Could not be better”		1,421	21.6		2,170	29.1
6		1,805	27.5		2,199	29.5
5		1,486	22.6		1,373	18.4
4		1,084	16.5		947	12.7
3		387	5.9		423	5.7
2		253	3.9		204	2.7
1 “Very bad”		132	2.0		136	1.8
Outcome during follow up
Days of sick leave/year	6,570	3,157	18.4	78.4	3,413	17.8	79.8	0.39
Disability pension, %	6,291	507	19.6		455	12.3		<0.0001
Admitted to hospital, %	9,561	3,257	14.2		6,404	48.7		<0.0001
Deceased, %	9,561	295	9.3		1,863	29.1		<0.0001

ISSN: 1471-2458