Differences in problem behaviour among ethnic minority and majority preschoolers in the Netherlands and the role of family functioning and parenting factors as mediators: the Generation R Study

Table 3 Adjusted associations between maternal generational status and maternal-reported Total Problems

	Model 1	Model 2	% change^b	Model 3	% change^c
Dutch N=3105	1.0	1.0		1.0
First generation immigrants N=835	5.0 (3.8; 6.8) ^a	3.3 (2.3; 4.6)	−44.6%^*	2.3 (1.6; 3.2)	−44.5%^{* d}
Second generation immigrants N=317	2.5 (1.6; 4.0)	1.8 (1.1; 3.0)	−47.0%^*	1.3 (0.8; 2.1)	−66.0%^*

Table based on imputed dataset.
Values are OR (95% CI) derived from logistic regression models modelling maternal generational status as the determinants and maternal-reported Total Problems as the outcome variable.
Model 1: Basic model adjusted for child gestational age, birth weight, age and gender.
Model 2: Model 1+maternal age, maternal marital status, maternal educational level, parity and family inome.
Model 3: Model 2+ prenatal maternal psychopathology + postnatal maternal psychopathology + prenatal family functioning + parenting stress + paternal harsh parenting.
^a p<0.01 for first generation vs. second generation (reference).
^b Change in odds ratio relative to model 1 for non-Dutch ethnic groups versus Dutch reference group (100 * [OR_{model 1+mediator}– OR_{model 1}] / [OR_{model 1} -1])).
^c Change in odds ratio relative to model 2 for non-Dutch ethnic groups versus Dutch reference group after full adjustments (model 3) for family functioning and parenting.
factors (100 * [OR_{model 2+mediator}– OR_{model 2}] / [OR_{model 2} -1])).
^d P=0.26 for difference in odds ratio attenuation between first and second generation immigrants calculated with a bootstrap analysis.
^* p <0.05 indicates a significant change in odds ratio after adding variable(s) to model 1 or model 2 calculated with a bootstrap analysis.

ISSN: 1471-2458