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Table 1 Sociodemographic and substance use characteristics of participants by serologic status

From: Prevalences and associated risk factors of HCV/HIV co-infection and HCV mono-infection among injecting drug users in a methadone maintenance treatment program in Taipei, Taiwan

 

Seronegative (n=125)

HCV and HIV co-infection (n=190)

HCV-monoinfected (n=1128)

Factors

n(%)

n(%)

OR(95%CI)

n(%)

OR(95%CI)

Sociodemographics

     

Age (years), median (IQR)

35 (30–45)

40 (32–47)

1.03 (1.004-1.05)

40 (33–48)

1.04 (1.02-1.06)

Male gender

101 (80.8)

158 (83.2)

1.17 (0.65-2.11)

982 (87.1)

1.60 (0.99-2.58)

Year admitted, 2009-2010

51 (40.8)

111 (58.4)

2.01 (1.27-3.18)

614 (54.4)

1.72 (1.18-2.50)

Married status

25 (20.0)

40 (21.1)

1.07 (0.61-1.87)

247 (21.9)

1.12 (0.71-1.78)

Education level≦Primary school

10 (8.0)

30 (15.8)

2.16 (1.10-4.59)

194 (17.2)

2.39 (1.23-4.64)

Unemployment

67 (53.6)

118 (62.1)

1.42 (0.90-2.24)

652 (57.8)

1.19 (0.82-1.72)

Source of most incomea

     

 Regular employment

77 (61.6)

103 (54.2)

1

689 (61.1)

1

 Social welfare/Family

36 (28.8)

70 (36.8)

1.45 (0.88-2.39)

363 (32.2)

1.23 (0.74-1.71)

 Others

12 (9.6)

17 (8.9)

1.06 (0.48-2.35)

76 (6.7)

0.71 (0.37-1.36)

Living situation

     

 Live with family

95 (76.0)

134 (70.5)

1

860 (76.2)

1

 Live with friends

20 (16.0)

31 (16.3)

1.10 (0.59-2.04)

112 (9.9)

0.62 (0.37-1.04)

 Live aloneb

10 (8.0)

25 (13.2)

1.77 (0.81-3.86)

156 (13.8)

1.72 (0.88-3.38)

Lifetime MMTP admissions, mean (range)

1.14 (1–4)

1.41 (1–4)

2.63 (1.57-4.39)

1.22 (1–4)

1.49 (0.94-2.37)

Lifetime incarcerations, median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

4 (2–5)

1.92 (1.64-2.25)

3 (2–5)

1.82 (1.58-2.10)

Substance use histories

     

Age at first injection drug use ≤20

31 (24.8)

66 (34.7)

1.61 (0.98-2.67)

315 (27.9)

1.18 (0.77-1.80)

Length of drug injection (years), mean (range)

9.28 (1–34)

14.56 (1–49)

1.10 (1.06-1.14)

14.76 (1–64)

1.08 (1.05-1.11)

Shared syringesa

11 (8.8)

135 (71.1)

25.44 (12.71-50.90)

161 (14.3)

1.73 (0.91-3.28)

Smoking amphetaminea

75 (60.0)

106 (55.8)

0.84 (0.53-1.33)

514 (45.6)

0.56 (0.38-0.81)

Smoking Marijuanaa

119 (95.2)

184 (96.8)

1.55 (0.49-4.91)

1081 (95.8)

1.16 (0.49-2.77)

Used cocainea

5 (4.0)

5 (2.6)

0.65 (0.18-2.29)

43 (3.8)

0.95 (0.37-2.45)

Swallowed sedative drugsa

17 (13.6)

28 (14.7)

1.10 (0.57-2.10)

145 (12.9)

0.94 (0.55-1.61)

Any alcohol usea

19 (15.2)

20 (10.5)

0.66 (0.34-1.29)

114 (10.1)

0.63 (0.37-1.06)

Urine morphine testingc

113 (90.4)

167 (87.9)

0.77 (0.37-1.61)

1033 (91.6)

1.16 (0.61-2.17)

Urine amphetamine testingc

72 (57.6)

48 (25.3)

0.46 (0.28-0.74)

829 (73.5)

0.49 (0.34-0.72)

  1. HCV, hepatitis C virus. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. IQR, interquartile range. MMTP, methadone maintenance treatment program.
  2. a During the 6 months before enrollment in the MMTP.
  3. b Including one homeless injection drug user.
  4. c At the time of enrollment in the MMTP.