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Table 1 Hazard ratios (HR’s) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality by childhood socioeconomic conditions a (adjusted for age) b , and HR’s for CVD mortality by adulthood risk factors (adjusted for age, childhood socioeconomic conditions and adulthood SEP c ) b , for men and women

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular mortality and the role of childhood socioeconomic conditions and adulthood risk factors: a prospective cohort study with 17-years of follow up

 

Men (n=5395)

Women (n=6306)

 

HR (95% CI) for CVD mortality

p

HR (95% CI) for CVD mortality

p

Childhood socioeconomic conditions b

    

Occupation of respondent’s father (professional = 1.00)

 

.021

 

.010

  white collar

1.09 (0.78-1.51)

 

1.00 (0.66-1.44)

 

  blue collar

1.34 (1.01-1.77)

 

1.10 (0.78-1.53)

 

Material conditions

    

House renter (home owner = 1.00)

1.31 (1.08-1.59)

.016

1.35 (1.07-1.69)

.022

No car (car = 1.00)

1.37 (1.10-1.72)

.018

1.27 (1.01-1.59)

.100

Public health insurance (private = 1.00)

1.19 (0.97-1.48)

.194

1.17 (0.93-1.47)

.382

Financial problemsa (no = 1.00)

    

  Some financial problems

1.08 (0.86-1.37)

.023

1.31 (1.02-1.68)

.013

  Many financial problems

1.74 (1.11-2.72)

 

1.82 (1.18-2.80)

 

Problems with neighbourhood conditions (no=1.00)

0.94 (0.78-1.14)

.816

1.02 (0.81-1.28)

.980

Problems with housing conditions (no=1.00)

1.02 (0.82-1.28)

.979

1.13 (0.88-1.44)

.592

Health-behaviours

    

Smoking (never = 1.00)

    

  former

0.97 (0.69-1.36)

.000

0.80 (0.61-1.06)

.000

  current

1.85 (1.33-2.57)

 

1.87 (1.48-2.37)

 

Physical activity (active = 1.00)

    

  moderately active

1.16 (0.94-1.42)

.001

1.31 (1.01-1.70)

.000

  little active

1.52 (1.17-1.97)

 

1.40 (1.03-1.90)

 

  inactive

1.71 (1.30-2.26)

 

2.09 (1.57-2.79)

 

Alcohol consumption (light = 1.00)

    

  abstainer

1.12 (0.88-1.44)

.247

1.80 (1.39-2.34)

.000

  moderate drinker

0.98 (0.78-1.24)

 

1.22 (0.81-1.84)

 

  heavy drinker

1.36 (1.02-1.82)

 

2.01 (1.27-3.18)

 

BMI (normal (20-25) =1.00)

    

  underweight (<20)

0.47 (0.21-1.05)

.063

1.93 (1.28-2.91)

.000

  overweight (25.01-30)

1.09 (0.91-1.32)

 

0.92 (0.72-1.17)

 

  obese (>30)

1.39 (0.94-2.07)

 

1.66 (1.22-2.27)

 

Psychosocial factors

    

Negative life events (no = 1.00)

    

  1> negative life events

1.10 (0.91-1.34)

.743

0.98 (0.77-1.25)

.234

  2> negative life events

0.98 (0.76-1.26)

 

1.30 (0.99-1.72)

 

Marital status (married =1.00)

    

  single

1.51 (1.03-2.21)

.050

1.31 (0.88-1.95)

.002

  divorced

1.45 (1.02-2.07)

 

1.46 (0.95-2.26)

 

  widowed

1.20 (0.82-1.75)

 

1.51 (1.18-1.93)

 

Use of sleep/anxiety drugs (no= 1.00)

1.51(1.10-2.08)

.038

0.98 (0.72-1.33)

.984

Depression, nervousness (no=1.00)

1.20 (0.91-1.60)

.427

1.34 (1.00-1.78)

.090

  1. SEP, socioeconomic position; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index (kg/m2).
  2. a Childhood socioeconomic conditions were determined by the occupation of the respondent’s father when the respondent was 12 years of age, with 1=professional, 2=white collar, 3=blue collar.
  3. b As shown in Figure 1, age, adulthood SEP, and childhood SEP are confounders in the associations of adulthood risk factors with CVD mortality. For the association of childhood socioeconomic conditions with CVD mortality, age is the only confounder.
  4. c Adulthood socioeconomic position was determined by the respondent’s highest attained educational level, with 1= primary, 2= lower secondary, 3= higher secondary, 4=tertiary.
  5. d For childhood socioeconomic conditions as well as all adulthood risk factors, missing values were retained in the analyses as a separate category. For childhood socioeconomic conditions, we reported the HR for the category of missing values in the table, since the proportion of missing values was high, i.e. 12.1% for men and 13.8% for women. For adulthood risk factors, the proportion of missing values was generally low (see Additional file 1), i.e. ranging from 0.1% for physical activity to 5.7% for alcohol consumption among men, and from 0.5% for physical activity to 7.8% for alcohol consumption among women.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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