Table 2 Landscape of Current Enteric Disease-Focused Surveillance and Epidemiological Activities
Surveillance System | Lead Institution (s) | Description | Target Populations | Year Established |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rotavirus Surveillance Networks (RSN) | CDC, WHO | Epidemiological support for accelerated rotavirus vaccine introduction. Five networks have been established aligning with WHO regional organizations. | Pediatric populations, global | 2000 |
Cholera and other diarrheal infection network (CHOLDInet) | WHO | Strengthen laboratory capacity for monitoring and rapid detection of cholera and other causes of diarrheal diseases to advance the application of control measures. | Pediatric populations, developing world | 2009 |
International Emerging Infections Program (IEIP) | CDC | Six sites established in Asia (Bangladesh, China, Thailand), Africa (Egypt, Kenya), Central America (Guatemala) with various activities related to enteric surveillance including demographic health surveillance systems and acute diarrhea surveillance. | Adult and pediatric populations, developing world | 2001 |
Global Enteric Multi-Center Surveillance Study (GEMS) | UM-CVD, BMGF | Five-year, multi-center study in Asia (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan), Africa (Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique) funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to quantify the burden and identify the microbiologic etiology of severe diarrheal disease among children 0-59 months of age living in developing nations, for the purpose of addressing limitations of current epidemiology. | Pediatric populations, developing world | 2006 |
Network for the Study of Malnutrition and Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) | Foundation for NIH, Fogarty International Center, BMGF | Five-year ($30 million), multi-site (eight) project in Africa (South Africa, Tanzania), Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan), and South America (Brazil, Peru) with aims to incorporate epidemiology and pathophysiology in a longitudinal study of children from birth to 24 months, to better understand pathogen-related undernutrition and impairment of gut and immune function. | Pediatric populations, developing world | 2009 |
Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) | CDC, USDA, FDA | Multicenter network (10 U.S. sites) with active surveillance for foodborne diseases and related epidemiologic studies designed to help public health officials better understand the epidemiology and burden of foodborne diseases in the United States and disseminate information that can lead to improvements in public health practice. | All ages, U.S. | 1995 |
National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) | FDA, CDC, USDA | Prospective monitoring of the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic pathogens from human diagnostic specimens, retail meats and food animals, many of which are the leading pathogens causing acute enteric illness in the United States. | All ages, U.S. | 1996 |
GeoSentinal Network (GSN) | ISTM, CDC | A multi-site network of 48 globally dispersed medicine clinics on all continents (17 in the United States and 31 in other countries) with aims of worldwide communication and data collection network for the surveillance of travel-related morbidity. The GSN is based on the concept that these clinics are ideally situated to effectively detect geographic and temporal trends in morbidity among travelers, immigrants and refugees. | Adult travelers, global | 1995 |
Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP) | DoD | This is a DoD-mandated research program with the purpose of developing effective vaccines and other countermeasures against leading causes of infectious diarrhea in deployed Army, Navy/Marine Corps, and Air Force personnel. This research program includes basic science/discovery efforts, pre-clinical and clinical development, as well as supporting epidemiological studies and clinical trials at the DoD overseas laboratories. | U.S. military and other traveler populations | 1970s |
Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) | DoD | With a mission of conducting research in clinically important infectious disease threats to the warfighter and military community, the IDCRP has established a multi-site travel medicine prospective study that includes an epidemiological study of travelers’ diarrhea and its post-infectious sequelae. The study creates a platform to conduct interventional and diagnostic studies. | U.S. military and beneficiary traveler populations | 2006 |