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Table 2 Parenting behaviours: Effect size by programme and multiple comparisons between programmes

From: A comparison of the effectiveness of three parenting programmes in improving parenting skills, parent mental-well being and children's behaviour when implemented on a large scale in community settings in 18 English local authorities: the parenting early intervention pathfinder (PEIP)

 

SFSC

Incredible Years

Triple P

ANOVA

ANOVA multiple comparisons

Mean difference (CIs)

Variable

N

Before

(Mean, SD)

After

(Mean, SD)

Effect size

N

Before

(Mean, SD)

After

(Mean, SD)

Effect size

N

Before

(Mean, SD)

After

(Mean, SD)

Effect size

F-test (df)

p-value

SFSC-IY

SFSC-TP

IY-TP

Summary

Mental Well-Being

347

45.3

(11.2)

50.6

(10.3)

0.49

237

42.9

(10.3)

51.8

(10.0)

0.88

487

42.4

(9.7)

50.1

(9.3)

0.81

F(2,962) = 8.75,

p = .001

-3.65 ***

(-5.70, -1.60)

-2.11 **

(-3.81, -0.40)

1.54

(-0.36, 3.44)

SFSC < (IY = TP)

Parental laxness

325

22.8

(6.7)

19.1

(6.2)

-0.57

229

22.7

(7.1)

16.8

(6.1)

-0.89

486

21.1

(6.1)

16.5

(6.2)

-0.74

F(2,938) = 3.88,

p = .021

2.01 **

(0.57, 3.49)

0.73

(-0.48, 1.95)

-1.29

(-2.63, 0.43)

SFSC < IY

Parent over-reactivity

314

22.4

(6.0)

18.4

(6.1)

-0.65

230

22.0

(6.4)

16.6

(6.2)

-0.86

488

22.9

(6.5)

17.0

(6.1)

-0.93

F(2,930) = 5.36,

p = .005

1.06

(-0.46, 0.56)

1.83 **

(0.56, 3.11)

0.77

(-0.62, 2.16)

SFSC < TP

Parenting Efficacy

329

28.8

(6.6)

30.8

(5.9)

0.33

236

27.7

(6.8)

31.8

(6.1)

0.64

481

26.3

(5.9)

30.6

(5.4)

0.77

F(2,943) = 8.03,

p = .001

-1.91 **

(-3.26, -0.57)

-2.02 ***

(-3.15, -0.89)

-0.11

(-1.35, 1.13)

SFSC < (IY = TP)

Parenting Satisfaction

329

32.5

(8.1)

35.3

(8.5)

0.34

235

30.9

(7.7)

36.5

(7.9)

0.72

484

32.0

(7.4)

37.5

(7.4)

0.74

F(2,946) = 11.78,

p = .001

-3.14 ***

(-4.76, -1.52)

-2.67 ***

(-4.01, -1.32)

0.46

(-1.04, 1.95)

SFSC < (IY = TP)

  1. Notes: 1. Effect sizes are Cohen's d
  2. 2. Programme comparisons based on ANOVA of the change from baseline, defined as post-test minus pre-test, with parent gender, education and income and child gender and age included as control variables.
  3. 3. Multiple comparisons completed using Bonferroni test: n.s. = not significant;*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001