A comparison of the effectiveness of three parenting programmes in improving parenting skills, parent mental-well being and children's behaviour when implemented on a large scale in community settings in 18 English local authorities: the parenting early intervention pathfinder (PEIP)

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for parental and pupil background measures by parenting programme

		Parenting Programme						Total
		SFSC		Incredible Years		Triple P
Variable	Value	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Parent gender	Male	79	12.2	55	11.7	157	14.6	291	13.3
(n = 2194)	Female	567	87.8	415	88.3	921	85.4	1903	86.7
Relationship to the child	Biological parent	552	92.9	411	91.5	953	90.0	1916	91.2
(n = 2102)	Step parent	10	1.7	14	3.1	30	2.8	54	2.6
	Parent's partner	16	2.7	3	0.7	20	1.9	39	1.9
	Adoptive parent	2	0.3	2	0.4	8	0.8	12	0.6
	Foster parent	6	1.0	3	0.7	21	2.0	30	1.4
	Other	8	1.3	16	3.6	27	2.5	51	2.4
Parent ethnic group*	White British	275	46.8	413	89.4	783	88.7	1471	76.1
(n = 1932)	White other groups	23	3.9	15	3.2	34	3.9	72	3.7
	Mixed heritage	20	3.4	11	2.4	19	2.2	50	2.6
	Asian	199	33.9	13	2.8	17	1.9	229	11.9
	Black	46	7.8	7	1.5	16	1.8	69	3.6
	Any other ethnic group	24	4.1	3	0.6	14	1.6	41	2.1
Parent highest level of education*	Left school at 16 or earlier	265	45.7	260	60.2	416	41.8	941	46.9
(n = 2008)	Left school at 17 or 18	82	14.1	39	9.0	99	9.9	220	11.0
	FE college/apprenticeship	161	27.8	98	22.7	321	32.2	580	28.9
	Attended university	72	12.4	35	8.1	160	16.1	267	13.3
Parent weekly income*	£150 or less	174	36.9	154	35.2	275	30.4	603	33.2
(n = 1814)	£150-£200	115	24.4	95	21.7	136	15.0	346	19.1
	£201-£250	46	9.7	63	14.4	113	12.5	222	12.2
	£251-£350	78	16.5	65	14.8	162	17.9	305	16.8
	£351 or above	59	12.5	61	13.9	218	24.1	338	18.6
Child gender	Male	367	65.0	270	63.5	610	60.3	1247	62.3
(n = 2002)	Female	198	35.0	155	36.5	402	39.7	755	37.7
Child age (n = 1972)*	Mean (SD)	9.7	(3.0)	8.1	(3.0)	9.4	(3.2)	9.2	(3.2)
Completing post-test
		56.3%		50.7%		47.5%		50.8%
Total sample		650		473		1084		2207

Notes: 1. SFSC Strengthening Families Strengthening Communities
2. Percentages are based on valid values only
3. * indicates a significant difference (p < .001 in all cases) between programmes using chi-squared tests and Z tests for comparing column proportions (except child age which was tested by one-way ANOVA)

ISSN: 1471-2458