Summer effects on body mass index (BMI) gain and growth patterns of American Indian children from kindergarten to first grade: a prospective study

Table 2 Means of crude and adjusted growth velocities during three intervals

Periods	BMI_Z Δ Z/yr		Weight_Z Δ Z/yr		Height_Z Δ Z/yr
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Crude
Kindergarten	0.084	0.082	0.111^b	0.031	-0.072	0.036
Summer	-0.028	0.173	-0.005^b	0.066	0.014	0.074
First grade	0.296	0.049	0.231^a	0.031	-0.075	0.026
F value	1.98		6.20		1.08
p value	0.138		0.002		0.341
Adjusted†
Kindergarten	0.042	0.109	0.084^b	0.047	-0.079	0.049
Summer	0.009	0.115	0.013^b	0.048	0.014	0.051
First grade	0.313	0.117	0.239^a	0.050	-0.058	0.052
F value	1.49		4.71		0.71
p value	0.226		0.009		0.491

^† Adjusted for age, gender, intervention condition, weight status at baseline, school, and socio-economic status
^{a, b} Items with a different superscript are significantly different from each other

ISSN: 1471-2458