Cumulative smoking exposure, duration of smoking cessation, and peripheral arterial disease in middle-aged and older Korean men

Table 1 General characteristics of the study population with and without PAD (n = 2517)

	Without PAD (n = 2414)	With PAD (n = 103)	P-value^a
Age, years	65.9 ± 7.9	70.4 ± 7.3	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	23.9 ± 2.8	23.4 ± 3.0	0.118
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	124.8 ± 16.3	129.6 ± 19.5	0.014
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	75.7 ± 10.5	74.8 ± 10.0	0.403
Antihypertensive medications, n (%)	813 (33.7)	53 (51.5)	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl	113.3 ± 27.2	116.8 ± 33.1	0.205
Antidiabetic medications, n (%)	362 (15.0)	34 (33.0)	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	187.7 ± 37.7	189.9 ± 38.3	0.567
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	109.7 ± 35.7	114.0 ± 37.1	0.231
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	49.3 ± 12.0	47.1 ± 10.0	0.073
Triglycerides, mg/dl^b	143.7 ± 116.5	144.1 ± 96.4	0.977
Lipid-lowering medications, n (%)	150 (6.2)	6 (5.8)	0.873
Uric acid, mg/dl	5.8 ± 1.4	6.4 ± 1.9	0.001
Alcohol consumption, gram/day	14.8 ± 23.7	10.1 ± 20.0	0.023
Regular exercise, n (%)	492 (20.5)	16 (15.7)	0.239
Age at starting smoking	22.4 ± 5.6	22.9 ± 6.5	0.427
Total years of smoking, years	31.9 ± 13.8	36.8 ± 14.9	0.001
Number of cigarettes per day	17.9 ± 12.0	19.1 ± 12.7	0.356
Pack-years of smoking	21.5 ± 22.2	31.3 ± 29.7	0.001
Mean ankle-brachial index	1.147 ± 0.082	0.868 ± 0.117	<0.001

Data are presented as means ± standard deviation or number (percentage).
PAD, peripheral arterial disease, was defined as an ankle-brachial index lesser than 0.90 in either leg; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
^a P-value was obtained by Student's t-test or by chi-square test.
^b P-value was obtained after log-transformation.

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