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Table 4 Odds Ratios predicting IPVAW among ever married/cohabited women aged 15-49 by selected socio-demographic variables in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia, January to April, 2011

From: Intimate partner violence against women in western Ethiopia: prevalence, patterns, and associated factors

Variables

Lifetime IPVAW

Recent (past 12 months) IPVAW

 

No (%)

COR (95%CI)

AOR (95% CI)

No (%)

COR (95%CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Residence

      

   Urban

214 (87.7)

1.00

1.00

17 (80.3)

1.00

1.00

   Rural

965 (74.4)

0.41 (0.27 to 0.61)**

0.58 (0.34 to 0.98)*

33 (71.1)

0.60 (0.43 to 0.84)*

0.92 (0.58 to 1.47)

Age of respondent

      

   15-19 years

18 (64.3)

1.00

1.00

18 (64.3)

1.00

1.00

   20-34 years

901 (74.5)

1.62 (0.74 to 3.56)

1.56 (0.63 to 3.85)

850 (70.4)

1.35 (1.02 to 1.78)*

1.25 (0.54 to 2.91)

   35- 49 years

260 (85.5)

3.28 (1.42 to 7.58)*

3.36 (1.27 to 8.89)*

249 (81.9)

1.38 (1.02 to 1.86)*

2.75 (1.10 to 6.86)*

Relationship with current partner

      

   Currently married

1079 (76.0)

1.00

1.00

1026 (72.3)

1.00

----

   Currently cohabited

14 (70.0)

0.74 (0.28 to 1.93)

0.81 (0.27 to 2.44)

12 (60.0)

0.58 (0.23 to 1.42)

 

   Divorced, separated, widowed

85 (85.0)

1.79 (1.02 to 3.14)*

1.64 (0.87 to 3.10)

79 (79.0)

1.45 (0.88 to 2.37)

 

Education level of respondents

      

   No formal education

710 (77.3)

1.00

1.00

22 (74.3)

1.00

1.00

   Primary (1-6 grade)

289 (72.4)

0.82 (0.57 to 1.18)

0.65 (0.48 to 0.88)*

16 (67.2)

0.71 (0.55 to 0.91)*

0.63 (0.48 to 0.84)*

   Secondary and above (≥ 7)

180 (80.6)

0.63 (0.42 to 0.94)*

0.72 (0.45 to 1.17)

22 (74.8)

1.02 (0.73 to 1.44)

0.71 (0.46 to 1.10)

Occupation of respondents

      

   No job

1020 (76.8)

1.00

1.00

963 (72.5)

1.00

1.00

   Student/employee/trader

90 (79.6)

1.18 (0.74 to 1.90)

0.87 (0.50 to 1.52) 5.29 (0.66 to 42.69)

87 (77.0)

1.27 (0.81 to 2.00)

1.18 (0.71 to 1.97)

   Housemaid

24 (96.0)

7.25 (0.98 to 53.79)

0.46 (0.27 to 0.76)*

23 (92.0)

4.36 (1.02 to 18.58)*

3.99 (0.87 to 18.37)

   Farmers (female headed)

44 (59.5)

0.44 (0.27 to 0.72)*

 

44 (59.5)

0.56 (0.34 to 0.90)*

0.58 (0.35 to 0.97)

Partner's education level

      

   No formal education

413 (79.3)

1.00

1.00

394 (75.6)

1.00

1.00

   Primary (1-6 grade)

411 (73.5)

0.73(0.55 to 0.96)*

0.73(0.55 to 0.99)*

393 (70.3)

0.76 (0.58 to 1.00)*

0.73 (0.59 to 1.04)

   Secondary and above (≥ 7)

344 (76.6)

0.86 (0.63 to 1.16)

0.74 (0.43 to 1.29)

320 (71.3)

0.80 (0.60 to 1.04)

0.71(0.51 to 0.98)*

Difference of education between partners

      

   Women higher

110 (71.7)

1.00

1.00

100 65.8)

1.00

1.00

   Equal educational status

496 (79.7)

1.55 (1.04 to 2.33)*

1.63 (0.97 to 2.73)

470 (75.6)

1.61 (1.20 to 2.36)*

1.67 (1.05 to 2.68)*

   Woman's lower

563 (74.6)

1.16 (0.78 to 1.71)

1.36 (0.67 to 2.76)

537 (71.1)

1.28 (0.86 to 1.86)

1.44 (0.76 to 2.76)

Age of current husbands/partners

      

   18-29 years

250 (71.5)

1.00

1.00

250 (67.8)

1.00

1.00

   30-39 years

532 (77.5)

1.37 (1.03 to 1.82)*

1.06 (0.77 to 1.44)

532 (73.9)

1.35 (1.02 to 1.77)*

1.12 (0. 84 to 1.51)

   ≥ 40 years

335 (78.9)

1.49 (1.08 to 2.05)*

0.80 (0.53 to 1.17)

335 (74.3)

1.38 (1.02 to 1.86)*

0.84 (0.59 to 1.20)

Partners occupation

     

----

   Employee†

120 (82.2)

1.00

1.00

112 (76.7)

1.00

 

   Daily labourer, student

104 (80.6)

0.90 (0.49 to 1.66)

0.88 (0.46 to 1.68)

98 (76.0)

0.96 (0.55 to 1.68)

 

   Petty trader

91 (82.7)

1.04 (0.54 to 1.99)

1.41 (0.50 to 2.83)

82 (74.5)

0.89 (0.50 to 1.58)

 

   Farmer

767 (73.7)

0.61 (0.39 to 0.95)*

0.75 (0.43 to 1.29)

734 (70.6)

0.73 (0.49 to 1.10)

 

   No job, retired

97 (83.6)

1.11 (0.58 to 2.12)

1.11 (0.56 to 2.18)

91 (78.4)

1.12 (0.62 to 1.99)

 

Wealth quintile

      

   Poorest

250 (82.0)

1.00

1.00

239 (78.4)

1.00

1.00

   Poor

239 (74.7)

0.65 (0.44 to 0.96)*

0.64 (0.43 to 0.96)*

228 (71.3)

0.68 (0.48 to 0.99)*

0.70 (0.48 to 1.02)

   Medium

241 (75.8)

0.69 (0.47 to 1.02)

0.71 (0.47 to 1.07)

228 (71.7)

0.70 (0.49 to 1.01)

0.76 (0.52 to 1.11)

   Richer

197 (73.2)

0.60 (0.40 to 0.90)*

0.61 (0.40 to 0.94)*

186 (69.1)

0.62 (0.43 to 0.90)*

0.65 (0.44 to 0.97)*

   Richest

251 (76.5)

0.72 (0.49 to 1.06)

0.66(0.44 to 0.99)*

236 (72.0)

0.71 (0.49 to 1.02)

0.69 (0.47 to.02)

Variables

Lifetime IPVAW

  

Recent (past 12 months) IPVAW

  
 

No (%)

COR (95%CI)

AOR (95% CI)

No (%)

COR (95%CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Residence

      

   Urban

214 (87.7)

1.00

1.00

17 (80.3)

1.00

1.00

   Rural

965 (74.4)

0.41 (0.27 to 0.61)**

0.58 (0.34 to 0.98)*

33 (71.1)

0.60 (0.43 to 0.84)*

0.92 (0.58 to 1.47)

Age of respondent

      

   15-19 years

18 (64.3)

1.00

1.00

18 (64.3)

1.00

1.00

   20-34 years

901 (74.5)

1.62 (0.74 to 3.56)

1.56 (0.63 to 3.85)

850 (70.4)

1.35 (1.02 to 1.78)*

1.25 (0.54 to 2.91)

   35- 49 years

260 (85.5)

3.28 (1.42 to 7.58)*

3.36 (1.27 to 8.89)*

249 (81.9)

1.38 (1.02 to 1.86)*

2.75 (1.10 to 6.86)*

Relationship with current partner

      

   Currently married

1079 (76.0)

1.00

1.00

1026 (72.3)

1.00

----

   Currently cohabited

14 (70.0)

0.74 (0.28 to 1.93)

0.81 (0.27 to 2.44)

12 (60.0)

0.58 (0.23 to 1.42)

 

   Divorced, separated, widowed

85 (85.0)

1.79 (1.02 to 3.14)*

1.64 (0.87 to 3.10)

79 (79.0)

1.45 (0.88 to 2.37)

 

Education level of respondents

      

   No formal education

710 (77.3)

1.00

1.00

22 (74.3)

1.00

1.00

   Primary (1-6 grade)

289 (72.4)

0.82 (0.57 to 1.18)

0.65 (0.48 to 0.88)*

16 (67.2)

0.71 (0.55 to 0.91)*

0.63 (0.48 to 0.84)*

   Secondary and above (≥ 7)

180 (80.6)

0.63 (0.42 to 0.94)*

0.72 (0.45 to 1.17)

22 (74.8)

1.02 (0.73 to 1.44)

0.71 (0.46 to 1.10)

Occupation of respondents

      

   No job

1020 (76.8)

1.00

1.00

963 (72.5)

1.00

1.00

   Student/employee/trader

90 (79.6)

1.18 (0.74 to 1.90)

0.87 (0.50 to 1.52) 5.29 (0.66 to 42.69)

87 (77.0)

1.27 (0.81 to 2.00)

1.18 (0.71 to 1.97)

   Housemaid

24 (96.0)

7.25 (0.98 to 53.79)

0.46 (0.27 to 0.76)*

23 (92.0)

4.36 (1.02 to 18.58)*

3.99 (0.87 to 18.37)

   Farmers (female headed)

44 (59.5)

0.44 (0.27 to 0.72)*

 

44 (59.5)

0.56 (0.34 to 0.90)*

0.58 (0.35 to 0.97)

Partner's education level

      

   No formal education

413 (79.3)

1.00

1.00

394 (75.6)

1.00

1.00

   Primary (1-6 grade)

411 (73.5)

0.73(0.55 to 0.96)*

0.73(0.55 to 0.99)*

393 (70.3)

0.76 (0.58 to 1.00)*

0.73 (0.59 to 1.04)

   Secondary and above (≥ 7)

344 (76.6)

0.86 (0.63 to 1.16)

0.74 (0.43 to 1.29)

320 (71.3)

0.80 (0.60 to 1.04)

0.71(0.51 to 0.98)*

Difference of education between partners

      

   Women higher

110 (71.7)

1.00

1.00

100 65.8)

1.00

1.00

   Equal educational status

496 (79.7)

1.55 (1.04 to 2.33)*

1.63 (0.97 to 2.73)

470 (75.6)

1.61 (1.20 to 2.36)*

1.67 (1.05 to 2.68)*

   Woman's lower

563 (74.6)

1.16 (0.78 to 1.71)

1.36 (0.67 to 2.76)

537 (71.1)

1.28 (0.86 to 1.86)

1.44 (0.76 to 2.76)

Age of current husbands/partners

      

   18-29 years

250 (71.5)

1.00

1.00

250 (67.8)

1.00

1.00

   30-39 years

532 (77.5)

1.37 (1.03 to 1.82)*

1.06 (0.77 to 1.44)

532 (73.9)

1.35 (1.02 to 1.77)*

1.12 (0. 84 to 1.51)

   ≥ 40 years

335 (78.9)

1.49 (1.08 to 2.05)*

0.80 (0.53 to 1.17)

335 (74.3)

1.38 (1.02 to 1.86)*

0.84 (0.59 to 1.20)

Partners occupation

     

----

   Employee†

120 (82.2)

1.00

1.00

112 (76.7)

1.00

 

   Daily labourer, student

104 (80.6)

0.90 (0.49 to 1.66)

0.88 (0.46 to 1.68)

98 (76.0)

0.96 (0.55 to 1.68)

 

   Petty trader

91 (82.7)

1.04 (0.54 to 1.99)

1.41 (0.50 to 2.83)

82 (74.5)

0.89 (0.50 to 1.58)

 

   Farmer

767 (73.7)

0.61 (0.39 to 0.95)*

0.75 (0.43 to 1.29)

734 (70.6)

0.73 (0.49 to 1.10)

 

   No job, retired

97 (83.6)

1.11 (0.58 to 2.12)

1.11 (0.56 to 2.18)

91 (78.4)

1.12 (0.62 to 1.99)

 

Wealth quintile

      

   Poorest

250 (82.0)

1.00

1.00

239 (78.4)

1.00

1.00

   Poor

239 (74.7)

0.65 (0.44 to 0.96)*

0.64 (0.43 to 0.96)*

228 (71.3)

0.68 (0.48 to 0.99)*

0.70 (0.48 to 1.02)

   Medium

241 (75.8)

0.69 (0.47 to 1.02)

0.71 (0.47 to 1.07)

228 (71.7)

0.70 (0.49 to 1.01)

0.76 (0.52 to 1.11)

   Richer

197 (73.2)

0.60 (0.40 to 0.90)*

0.61 (0.40 to 0.94)*

186 (69.1)

0.62 (0.43 to 0.90)*

0.65 (0.44 to 0.97)*

   Richest

251 (76.5)

0.72 (0.49 to 1.06)

0.66(0.44 to 0.99)*

236 (72.0)

0.71 (0.49 to 1.02)

0.69 (0.47 to.02)

  1. Adjusted for all variables in the model
  2. COR - Crude odds Ratio, AOR - Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI: confidence interval.* P- Value < 0.05, ** P- Value < 0.001, †- Professional, semi skilled, soldiers, police
  3. Note: - variables not entered in the model because they were not found significant in bivariate analysis