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Table 4 Zinc deficiency and dietary factors among pregnant women in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia, Feb 2011

From: Prevalence of prenatal zinc deficiency and its association with socio-demographic, dietary and health care related factors in Rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Variables

Serum zinc μg/dl (mean+/-sd)

ZD+

ZD-

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI) **

Staple diet (n = 700)

     

Enset based

53.3 (9.0)

217

234

1r

1r

Cereal based

50.8 (10.5)

154

95

1.74 (1.28-2.40)*

2.25 (1.61-3.16)*

Diet Diversity (n = 700)

     

Low

50.3 (9.6)

162

81

4.78 (3.04-7.51)*

2.57 (1.57-4.18)*

Optimal

52.0 (9.9)

168

150

2.68 (1.75-4.10)*

1.87 (1.02-2.91)*

High

56.9 (9.0)

41

98

1r

1r

Consumed animal source foods (n = 700)

     

No

51.2 (9.1)

312

207

3.12 (2.18-4.45)*

2.51 (1.70-3.72)*

Yes

55.9 (9.9)

59

122

1r

1r

HFIAS (n = 700)

     

Below the mean value

56.4 (8.7)

116

241

1r

1r

Above the mean value

51.2 (9.4)

255

88

6.02 (4.33-7.36)*

5.07 (3.67-6.99)*

Frequency of coffee intake per day (n = 700)

     

≤ 3 coffee cups

53.1 (9.8)

189

141

1r

1r

> 3 coffee cups

51.6 (10.0)

182

188

1.38 (1.02-1.89)*

1.41 (1.06-1.84)*

  1. 1r set as reference, * Significant association at 95% confidence level, ** adjusted for all significant variables and CRP status