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Table 3 Prevalence ratios for current cigarette smoking according to categories of neighborhood-level SES characteristics from race- and sex-stratified robust Poisson regression modelsa

From: Individual and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics in relation to smoking prevalence among black and white adults in the Southeastern United States: a cross-sectional study

 

Black males

Black females

White males

White females

 

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

PR

95% CI

Percent poverty

   < 10%

0.92

(0.87-0.97)

0.78

(0.73-0.84)

0.81

(0.74-0.89)

0.99

(0.87-1.13)

   10 - < 20%

0.95

(0.91-0.99)

0.84

(0.79-0.90)

0.80

(0.73-0.88)

1.01

(0.89-1.14)

   20 - < 50%

0.99

(0.95-1.02)

0.91

(0.86-0.96)

0.82

(0.75-0.90)

1.00

(0.88-1.13)

   ≥ 50%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

0zHousehold income

   < $18, 879

1.08

(1.04-1.13)

1.24

(1.17-1.31)

1.10

(1.04-1.18)

0.99

(0.91-1.07)

   $18, 879 - < $26, 094

1.05

(1.01-1.10)

1.18

(1.12-1.26)

0.96

(0.90-1.03)

1.00

(0.94-1.06)

   $26, 094 - < $34, 583

1.02

(0.98-1.07)

1.07

(1.00-1.14)

1.00

(0.94-1.05)

1.00

(0.96-1.06)

   ≥$34, 583

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Percent adults with ≥ HS educationb

   < 57.8%

1.05

(1.01-1.09)

1.20

(1.13-1.26)

1.06

(1.00-1.13)

1.03

(0.97-1.11)

   57.8% - < 67.5%

1.01

(0.97-1.05)

1.12

(1.06-1.18)

0.95

(0.89-1.02)

1.01

(0.95-1.07)

   67.5% - < 77.3%

1.02

(0.98-1.06)

1.06

(1.00-1.12)

1.01

(0.96-1.07)

1.03

(0.98-1.09)

   ≥77.3%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Percent adults with ≥ college graduationb

   < 5.8%

1.05

(1.01-1.08)

1.22

(1.15-1.28)

1.02

(0.96-1.08)

1.04

(0.98-1.11)

   5.8 - < 10.3%

1.05

(1.01-1.08)

1.11

(1.05-1.18)

0.97

(0.91-1.04)

1.03

(0.97-1.09)

   10.3 - < 17.1%

1.01

(0.97-1.05)

1.04

(0.98-1.10)

0.97

(0.91-1.03)

1.03

(0.97-1.10)

   ≥17.1%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Percent households owner occupied

   < 43%

1.20

(1.15-1.25)

1.41

(1.33-1.49)

1.11

(1.05-1.18)

1.01

(0.94-1.08)

   43 - < 63%

1.13

(1.08-1.18)

1.25

(1.18-1.33)

1.04

(0.98-1.11)

1.03

(0.98-1.09)

   63 - < 80%

1.10

(1.04-1.15)

1.17

(1.10-1.24)

0.97

(0.91-1.03)

0.97

(0.92-1.02)

   ≥80%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Median owner-occupied household value

   < $44, 300

0.97

(0.94-1.01)

1.04

(0.99-1.10)

0.99

(0.93-1.06)

1.05

(0.99-1.12)

   $44, 300 - < $57, 300

0.98

(0.95-1.02)

1.04

(0.98-1.10)

0.99

(0.93-1.06)

0.98

(0.92-1.05)

   $57, 300 - < $77, 400

1.00

(0.96-1.04)

1.06

(1.00-1.12)

1.02

(0.96-1.08)

1.05

(1.00-1.11)

   ≥$77, 400

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Percent households with interest, dividends, or net rental income

   < 8.0%

1.08

(1.04-1.12)

1.23

(1.16-1.31)

1.17

(1.10-1.24)

1.03

(0.96-1.12)

   8.0 - < 14.7%

1.07

(1.03-1.12)

1.13

(1.07-1.21)

1.07

(1.01-1.13)

1.02

(0.95-1.09)

   14.7 - < 24.1%

1.03

(0.98-1.07)

1.04

(0.98-1.11)

1.01

(0.95-1.07)

1.04

(0.99-1.09)

   ≥24.1%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Percent Employed

   < 49.5%

1.03

(0.99-1.06)

1.14

(1.08-1.20)

1.00

(0.94-1.07)

0.98

(0.92-1.05)

   49.5% - < 56.9%

0.99

(0.96-1.03)

1.10

(1.04-1.17)

0.96

(0.90-1.02)

0.99

(0.93-1.05)

   56.9% - < 64.1%

0.99

(0.95-1.03)

1.06

(1.00-1.12)

0.97

(0.92-1.03)

1.04

(0.99-1.10)

   ≥64.1%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Percent employed in management, professional, and related occupations

   < 15.1%

1.05

(1.01-1.08)

1.24

(1.17-1.30)

1.02

(0.96-1.09)

1.04

(0.98-1.11)

   15.1 - < 21.2%

1.05

(1.01-1.09)

1.09

(1.03-1.15)

1.03

(0.97-1.10)

1.06

(1.00-1.13)

   21.2 - < 28.3%

1.00

(0.96-1.04)

1.03

(0.98-1.10)

0.99

(0.93-1.06)

0.99

(0.93-1.05)

   ≥28.3%

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Neighborhood advantage summary score

   < -4.2

1.05

(1.01-1.09)

1.24

(1.17-1.32)

1.10

(1.03-1.18)

1.07

(0.99-1.16)

   -4.2 - < -1.9

1.05

(1.00-1.09)

1.17

(1.10-1.25)

1.00

(0.93-1.08)

1.04

(0.97-1.11)

   -1.9 - < 0.4

0.99

(0.94-1.03)

1.03

(0.96-1.10)

0.96

(0.89-1.03)

1.01

(0.95-1.08)

   0.4 - < 3.7

1.01

(0.97-1.06)

1.05

(0.98-1.12)

1.05

(0.99-1.11)

1.06

(1.00-1.12)

   ≥3.7

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
  1. aEach neighborhood-level characteristic was examined individually in relation to current cigarette smoking. All models include adjustment for individual-level income, education, marital status, and currently working (all categories as in Table 1) as well as participant age and duration of residency in the current home as reported during the baseline interview
  2. bAmong adults age 25 and older