Table 4 Associations (odds ratios) between social, demographic, perinatal factors and use of psychological services.
| Â | Psych service use before age-11 | Psych service use after 11 | ANY Psych service use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariates | Unadjust | Adjusted | Unadjust | Adjusted | Unadjust | Adjusted |
Psychosocial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sex @11 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Female | 0.38 (0.23-0.62) | 0.35 (0.21-0.59) | 2.07 (1.09-3.91) | 2.11 (1.08-4.11) | 0.91 (0.53-1.56) | 0.93 (0.56-1.56) |
Social class @11p | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-manual | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Manual | 1.22 (0.69-2.16) | 1.34 (0.70-2.54) | 1.44 (0.59-3.51) | 1.23 (0.60-2.54) | 1.43 (0.88-2.32) | 1.15 (0.75-1.76) |
Family structure @15 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   2-parent | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   1-parent, | 1.05 (0.47-2.33) | 0.96 (0.41-2.25) | 2.08 (0.99-4.39) | 2.05 (0.99-4.25) | 1.47 (0.78-2.78) | 1.48 (0.80-2.73) |
   reconstituted/Other | 2.00 (1.00-4.00) | 1.48 (0.68-3.23) | 2.24 (0.87-5.77) | 2.93 (1.35-6.36) | 2.15 (1.22-3.79) | 2.61 (1.58-4.30) |
Same sex part @19 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Yes | NIL | NIL | 7.10 (3.29-15.33) | 7.34 (3.44-15.64) | 3.49 (1.72-7.11) | 3.42 (1.51-7.77) |
Gender conform @15 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Gender typical | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Gender conformist | 0.50 (0.15-1.62) | 0.42 (0.13-1.41) | 0.85 (0.20-3.66) | 0.86 (0.23-3.19) | 0.80 (0.28-2.30) | 0.92 (0.35-2.40) |
   Gender nonconformist | 1.00 (0.43-2.32) | 0.90 (0.38-2.10) | 0.67 (0.27-1.68) | 1.28 (0.51-3.19) | 1.04 (0.55-1.96) | 1.56 (0.83-2.94) |
Religion @11p | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Protestant | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Roman Catholic | 0.65 (0.38-1.13) | 0.66 (0.37-1.17) | 1.17 (0.54-2.54) | 1.08 (0.54-2.16) | 0.84 (0.45-1.60) | 0.84 (0.48-1.47) |
   Other (Baptist, etc) | 0.50 (0.18-1.42) | 0.52 (0.18-1.51) | 1.48 (0.42-5.28) | 1.26 (0.43-3.70) | 1.23 (0.60-2.51) | 1.11 (0.55-2.24) |
   None/Atheist/Agnostic | 1.40 (0.80-2.46) | 1.16 (0.64-2.11) | 1.19 (0.43-3.24) | 1.38 (0.54-3.52) | 0.83 (0.29-2.40) | 1.05 (0.39-2.83) |
Area deprivation @11 | 0.97 (0.85-1.11) | 0.91 (0.78-1.06) | 0.91 (0.75-1.10) | 0.97 (0.83-1.13) | 0.89 (0.75-1.06) | 0.95 (0.83-1.10) |
Lack of par Care @15 | 1.14 (0.98-1.32) | 1.13 (0.97-1.32) | 1.26 (1.01-1.56) | 1.29 (1.07-1.55) | 1.12 (0.881.42) | 1.15 (0.92-1.45) |
Parental control @15 | 1.19 (0.95-1.50) | 1.14 (0.90-1.44) | 0.96 (0.68-1.35) | 0.98 (0.73-1.32) | 1.24 (0.94-1.63) | 1.24 (0.97-1.57) |
Perinatal all @11p | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   1 or more | 0.58 (0.37-0.91) | 0.93 (0.37-2.34) | 0.91 (0.19-4.23) | 0.80 (0.44-1.49) | 1.21 (0.43-3.37) | 0.69 (0.40-1.21) |
Family size | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   3 or more | 0.33 (0.20-0.54) | 0.45 (0.20-1.02) | 0.46 (0.13-1.59) | 0.66 (0.25-1.71) | 0.38 (0.13-1.10) | 0.43 (0.21-0.88) |
Birth weight (g) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   <2500 | 1.43 (0.57-3.55) | 1.40 (0.53-3.71) | 0.74 (0.21-2.61) | 0.90 (0.29-2.84) | 1.14 (0.36-3.63) | 1.36 (0.47-3.94) |
   2500-3249 | 1.38 (0.81-2.37) | 1.42 (0.81-2.49) | 0.66 (0.29-1.49) | 0.67 (0.33-1.37) | 0.92 (0.56-1.50) | 0.98 (0.59-1.63) |
   3250-3749 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   3750+ | 1.49 (0.81-2.75) | 1.43 (0.75-2.72) | 0.70 (0.32-1.53) | 0.58 (0.29-1.16) | 0.93 (0.51-1.70) | 0.88 (0.51-1.54) |
N birth complications | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   1 | 0.81 (0.41-1.61) | 0.73 (0.36-1.50) | 1.58 (0.75-3.31) | 1.24 (0.66-2.34) | 1.92 (1.02-3.62) | 1.68 (0.92-3.10) |
   2 or more | 2.26 (1.34-3.82) | 2.29 (1.30-4.03) | 2.63 (0.87-7.94) | 1.67 (0.59-4.72) | 3.77 (1.83-7.76) | 2.92 (1.45-5.88) |
Birth spacing (prior) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Under 2 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2-5 years | 2.02 (0.84-4.84) | 2.03 (0.83-4.99) | 0.76 (0.28-2.11) | 0.68 (0.28-1.64) | 0.94 (0.48-1.82) | 0.90 (0.46-1.76) |
   6+ years or singleton | 2.14 (0.96-4.74) | 1.76 (0.72-4.34) | 0.39 (0.17-0.88) | 0.56 (0.26-1.21) | 0.61 (0.21-1.73) | 0.91 (0.42-1.94) |
Birth spacing (later) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Under 2 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   2-5 years | 0.71 (0.33-1.56) | 0.71 (0.32-1.57) | 0.37 (0.10-1.32) | 0.38 (0.11-1.23) | 0.57 (0.27-1.20) | 0.56 (0.27-1.16) |
   6+ years or singleton | 1.44 (0.79-2.62) | 1.22 (0.49-3.04) | 0.41 (0.08-1.99) | 0.70 (0.33-1.49) | 0.88 (0.32-2.42) | 1.05 (0.62-1.76) |
Maternal age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   15-19 | 2.22 (1.00-4.94) | 1.60 (0.63-4.03) | 0.74 (0.14-4.07) | 0.77 (0.12-4.78) | 1.03 (0.37-2.91) | 1.29 (0.57-2.93) |
   20-24 | 1.55 (0.87-2.75) | 1.71 (0.92-3.18) | 1.26 (0.52-3.03) | 1.26 (0.55-2.85) | 1.74 (1.00-3.03) | 1.59 (0.93-2.72) |
   25-29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   30-34 | 1.64 (0.88-3.04) | 1.48 (0.77-2.84) | 1.06 (0.41-2.74) | 0.95 (0.41-2.25) | 1.61 (0.77-3.41) | 1.53 (0.77-3.05) |
   35-46 | 0.52 (0.12-2.26) | 0.48 (0.11-2.15) | 0.74 (0.06-8.86) | 0.77 (0.10-6.08) | 0.91 (0.24-3.48) | 0.97 (0.28-3.37) |
Breastfeeding | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Less than 6 months | 0.92 (0.52-1.60) | 0.92 (0.50-1.69) | 1.05 (0.46-2.37) | 0.94 (0.50-1.77) | 0.88 (0.42-1.84) | 0.86 (0.43-1.72) |
   6 months or more | 0.83 (0.43-1.59) | 1.05 (0.50-2.21) | 1.33 (0.61-2.89) | 1.09 (0.56-2.15) | 1.21 (0.59-2.48) | 1.01 (0.55-1.86) |