Betel quid chewing as a source of manganese exposure: total daily intake of manganese in a Bangladeshi population

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Estimation of daily dietary intake of Mn by different populations around the world

Estimation method	Mn mg day^-1	References
UK total diet study, healthy adult consumers (UK)	4.50	Ysart et al. (1999) [32]
UK total diet study, healthy adult consumers (UK)	5.24^a	FSA (2009) [21]
Duplicate meals, healthy individuals (France)	2.15	Noel et al. (2003) [33]
Duplicate diet tech., healthy individuals (Austria)	4.69	Wilplinger et al. (1999) [34]
Duplicate portion tech., Healthy men (Germany)	2.70^a	Schafer et al. (2004) [35]
DPTech, Healthy women (Germany)	2.40	Schafer et al. (2004) [35]
DPTech, Vegetarian Healthy women (Germany)	5.50	Schafer et al. (2004) [35]
Healthy adults (Catalonia, Spain)	2.23	Marti-Cid et al. (2009) [36]
Healthy adults (USA)	2.66^a	Greger et al. (1990) [23]
Market basket study, healthy adults (Japan)	2.72^a	Aung et al. (2006) [37]
Duplicate diet, Healthy adults (Pakistan)	10.54^a	Iyengar et al. (2002) [43]
Healthy adults (Mumbai, India)	2.21^a	Tripathi et al. (2000) [27]
Daily dietary intake (Murshidabad, India)	8.72	Roychowdhury et al.(2008) [44]
Healthy women (Punjab, India)	8.98	Kawatra (2008) [45]
Diet study of Bangladesh excluding water, US data based	16.51	Zablotska et al. (2008) [20]
TDI of Bangladeshi population for non chewers (Bangladesh)	18.7	Present study
TDI of Bangladeshi population for chewers (Bangladesh)	20.30^a	Present study
TDI of Bangladeshi population for non chewers (UK)	8.64^a	Present study
TDI of Bangladeshi population for chewers (UK)	9.88^a	Present study

^a These data were used in Figure 3 for correlation between TDI and urinary Mn levels

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