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Table 5 Assessment of variables associated with improving waist circumference to meet recommended guidelines at follow-up

From: Participant characteristics associated with greater reductions in waist circumference during a four-month, pedometer-based, workplace health program

Group

Predictor Variable

n

% meeting WC guidelines at four-months

Univariate

Multivariable Approach 1a

Multivariable Approach 2b

    

OR

P-value

OR

P-value

OR

P-value

 

DEMOGRAPHICS

        

1

Age (year)

288

-

0.97

0.08

0.97

0.039

0.97

0.039

 

Sex

        
 

   Female

185

21.08

reference

reference

reference

 

   Male

103

26.21

1.33

0.4

1.43

0.3

1.43

0.3

2

Socio Economic Status (by SEIFA %)

       
 

   Most Advantaged

95

21.05

reference

reference

reference

 

   Advantaged

122

22.13

1.07

0.9

1.03

0.9

1.03

0.9

 

   Disadvantaged

52

26.92

1.38

0.6

1.39

0.5

1.39

0.5

 

   Most Disadvantaged

18

27.78

1.44

0.4

1.63

0.2

1.63

0.2

 

Tertiary Education

        
 

   Not completed

69

20.29

reference

reference

reference

 

   Completed

219

23.74

1.22

0.3

1.07

0.8

1.07

0.8

 

Occupation

        
 

   Professional

105

22.86

reference

reference

reference

 

   Associate professional

53

22.64

0.99

1.0

0.96

0.9

0.96

0.9

 

   Manager

55

23.64

1.04

0.9

1.04

0.9

1.04

0.9

 

   Clerical or Service

48

27.08

1.25

0.4

1.51

0.2

1.51

0.2

 

Marital Status

        
 

   Married/de facto

200

23

reference

reference

reference

 

   Widowed/separated/divorced

26

23.08

1.00

1.0

1.34

0.7

1.34

0.7

 

   Never married

60

23.33

1.02

1.0

0.71

0.4

0.71

0.4

 

BASELINE MEASURES

        

3

   Prior GCC® Participationc

286

22.54

0.96

0.9

0.88

0.6

1.13

0.6

 

Reasons for Participation c

        
 

Health

286

21.92

0.76

0.4

1.22

0.6

1.22

0.6

 

To look my best

286

19.23

0.48

<0.001

0.38

0.004

0.38

0.004

 

Fitness

286

20.57

0.61

0.2

0.93

0.9

0.93

0.9

 

Colleagues

286

23.9

1.11

0.7

0.89

0.7

0.89

0.7

 

Friends or family

286

14.29

0.55

0.6

0.69

0.8

0.69

0.8

 

Behavioural Measures

        

4

Fruit Intake

        
 

   Not meeting guidelines

188

19.15

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

98

30.61

1.86

0.028

2.42

<0.001

3.05

0.001

 

Vegetable Intake

        
 

   Not meeting guidelines

244

23.36

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

42

21.43

0.89

0.8

0.62

0.4

0.61

0.4

 

Takeaway Dinner

        
 

   Once or less per month

132

20.45

reference

    
 

   About once a week

117

24.79

1.28

0.4

1.35

0.4

1.31

0.5

 

   More than once a week

37

27.03

1.44

0.3

1.44

0.6

1.49

0.5

 

Alcohol

        
 

   Not meeting guidelines

159

24.53

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

127

21.26

0.83

0.6

0.71

0.3

0.64

0.2

 

Tobacco

        
 

   Smoker

32

21.88

reference

    
 

   Non-smoker

254

23.23

1.08

0.8

0.71

0.5

0.61

0.4

 

Physical Activity

        
 

   Not meeting guidelines

178

20.79

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

108

26.85

1.40

0.002

1.42

0.1

1.48

0.2

 

Sitting Time (hrs per day)

        
 

   Weekday

286

-

0.94

0.1

0.99

0.9

1.00

0.9

 

   Weekend

286

-

0.80

0.025

0.78

0.053

0.75

0.023

 

Psychosocial Measures

        

5

Physical Functioning (SF12)

282

-

1.07

<0.001

1.08

<0.001

1.06

0.004

 

Mental Functioning (SF12)

282

-

1.00

0.6

1.03

0.022

1.03

0.2

 

Physical Measures d

      

6

Blood Pressure (mmHg)

        
 

   Systolic

273

-

0.97

<0.001

0.99

0.8

1.01

0.7

 

   Diastolic

273

-

0.95

<0.001

0.96

0.4

0.93

0.2

 

   Not meeting guidelines

56

7.14

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

217

26.73

4.74

<0.001

    
 

Heart rate (Mean, SD)

273

-

0.99

0.8

0.99

0.8

1.00

0.9

 

Weight (Mean, SD)e

288

-

0.94

<0.001

    
 

Body Mass Index

        
 

   Body Mass Index

288

-

0.64

<0.001

0.55

<0.001

0.51

<0.001

 

   Not meeting guidelines

238

15.13

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

50

60

8.42

<0.001

    
 

Waist circumferencef

        
 

   Waist circumference

288

-

0.91

<0.001

    
 

Biomedical Measures (fasting) d

      

7

Total Cholesterol

        
 

   Total Cholesterol

285

-

0.60

0.001

0.66

0.018

0.63

0.1

 

   Not meeting guidelines

89

14.61

reference

    
 

Meeting guidelines

196

26.53

2.11

0.040

    
 

Glucose

        
 

   Glucose

285

-

1.40

0.5

2.60

1.0

3.00

1.0

 

   Not meeting guidelines

18

22.22

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

267

22.85

1.04

1.0

    
 

Triglycerides

        
 

   Triglycerides

285

-

1.48

0.001

1.54

0.012

3.12

0.7

 

   Not meeting guidelines

73

16.44

reference

    
 

   Meeting guidelines

212

25

1.69

0.1

    
 

Predicted risk scores d

       

8

Cardiovascular disease risk (next 10 years)

      
 

   CVD risk (continuous)

267

-

0.93

0.1

0.89

0.1

1.26

0.2

 

   Low-risk

227

23.35

reference

    
 

   Intermediate-risk

33

12.12

0.45

0.2

    
 

   High-risk

7

42.86

2.46

0.4

    
 

Diabetes risk (next 5 years)f

      
 

   Diabetes risk (continuous)

285

-

0.88

0.031

    
 

   Low-risk

67

40.3

reference

    
 

   Intermediate-risk

173

19.08

0.35

<0.001

    
 

   High-risk

45

11.11

0.19

0.013

    
 

WORKPLACE CHARACTERISTICS g

      

9

Public ownership (vs. private)

288

21.77

0.89

0.6

1.30

0.4

1.31

0.6

 

Outer city location (vs. inner city)

288

22.58

0.97

0.9

1.12

0.8

1.21

0.8

 

PROCESS MEASURES

        
 

Step data d

        

10

Step average per day

288

-

1.00

0.2

1.00

0.2

1.00

0.3

 

   <10,000 steps average (per day)

98

19.39

reference

    
 

   Meeting ≥10,000 steps average (per day)

190

24.74

1.37

0.4

    
  1. a Associated risk-factor subgroups adjusted only for baseline demographic confounders
  2. b Associated risk-factor subgroups adjusted for all potential predictors within the analysis Group and above
  3. c The reference group for this binary variable is 'no'. The reference group data is not shown.
  4. d Continuous variables chosen over categorical variables
  5. e Excluded due to the inclusion of body mass index (BMI)
  6. f Excluded from model as baseline WC was not considered as a predictor.
  7. g The reference group for this binary variable is shown in brackets. The reference group data is not shown.
  8. Note: For participants not meeting WC guidelines at baseline