Skip to main content

Table 4 Age adjusted and multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mental health problems (GHQ12, severe anxiety & use of antidepressant medication) in relation to the level of economic hardships (the Swedish National Public Health Survey 2009).

From: Economic hardships in adulthood and mental health in Sweden. the Swedish National Public Health Survey 2009

 

Psychological distress (GHQ12)

Severe anxiety

 

Use of antidepressant medications

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

Men (N = 23,153)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Combined economic

      

hardships measure

      

None (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Mild

1.73 (1.58-1.91)

1.52 (1.32-1.76)

2.45 (2.03-2.96)

1.53 (1.12-2.08)

1.91 (1.59-2.29)

1.55 (1.21-1.97)

Severe

3.52 (3.15-3.93)

2.55 (2.14-3.05)

6.40 (5.30-7.73)

3.87 (2.85-5.25)

3.67 (2.99-4.52)

2.74 (2.09-3.61)

Very severe

5.40 (4.59-4.34)

3.07 (2.35-4.01)

10.9 (8.63-13.77)

4.83 (3.25-7.16)

6.94 (5.36-8.99)

3.58 (2.47-5.20)

Women (N = 28,261)

      

Combined economic

      

hardships measure

      

None (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

Mild

1.50 (1.40-1.62)

1.49 (1.33-1.66)

1.83 (1.60-2.10)

1.53 (1.24-1.88)

1.50 (1.33-1.70)

1.00

Severe

2.57 (2.36-2.79)

2.21 (1.94-2.53)

3.89 (3.39-4.45)

2.67 (2.15-3.32)

2.78 (2.43-3.19)

1.28 (1.09-1.50)

Very severe

3.72 (3.28-4.23)

2.63 (2.16-3.21)

6.82 (5.74-8.11)

3.01 (2.27-4.04)

4.22 (3.50-4.09)

1.78 (1.47-2.15)

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age
  2. Model 2 adjusted for age, country of birth, educational level, occupational status, employment status, family status and long term illness