A randomised controlled trial among cleaners-Effects on strength, balance and kinesiophobia

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Changes after the intervention on outcome variables stratified on intervention

	Physical coordination training (N = 95)			Cognitive behavioural training (N = 99)			Reference group (N = 100)			Aggregated analyses
	n	mean	SD	n	mean	SD	n	mean	SD	p
Intention-to-treat
Muscle strength
Shoulder elevation (Nm)	47	0.4	13.0	45	0.0	7.7	47	0.3	7.4
Shoulder abduction (Nm)	47	2.4	6.0	47	0.9	4.6	44	2.1	7.4
Trunk flexion (Nm)	51	11.7	24.1	47	-2.6	19.4	52	2.1	15.0	**
Trunk extension (Nm)	48	4.2	16.3	44	-2.2	17.6	49	2.5	18.6
Balance
95% confidence ellipse (mm2)	87	-69.7	295.4	91	28.2	265.9	85	-16.5	320.4	*
Rambling (mm2)	87	-48.4	189.6	91	28.9	171.9	85	17.1	203.1	**
Trembling (mm2)	87	-3.7	68.6	91	-3.8	55.6	85	-16.2	99.3
Kinesiophobia (Index TSK17)	82	1.3	5.4	91	-1.1	4.7	83	0.1	5.8	*
True observations
Muscle strength
Shoulder elevation (Nm)	26	0.7	17.7	23	0.0	10.9	24	0.6	10.4
Shoulder abduction (Nm)	23	4.8	7.8	24	1.8	6.4	22	4.2	10.2
Trunk flexion (Nm)	31	19.3	28.6	25	-4.9	26.6	26	4.3	21.2	**
Trunk extension (Nm)*	28	7.2	21.0	23	-4.2	24.5	25	4.9	26.1
Balance
95% confidence ellipse (mm2)	50	-121.3	383.1	45	57.0	378.1	54	-25.9	403.1	┼
Rambling (mm2)	50	-84.2	245.0	45	58.3	242.3	54	26.9	255.1	**
Trembling (mm2)	50	-6.5	90.7	45	-7.7	79.4	54	-25.4	124.1
Kinesiophobia (Index TSK17)	38	2.8	8.6	42	-2.6	6.7	53	0.1	7.92	**

Intention to treat reflects all the female cleaners enrolled to the study, who had an observation at baseline or at follow-up. In case of missing observations, values are carried backwards or forward from the available observation, leaving a delta-value of 0. True observations reflect those with observations at both baseline and follow-up. N = number of participants, n = number of observations, Nm = Newton meter, SD = Standard deviation, p = Level of significance, ┼ p < 0.1, * p < 0.05, ** p =/< 0.01. In aggregated analyses the non efficient intervention group is considered a reference and is merged with the reference group. E.g. for kinesiophobia cognitive behavioural training is tested against physical coordination training+reference and for all other outcomes physical coordination training is tested against cognitive behavioural training+reference. In the muscle strength test n is different due to the health-related exclusion (self-reported or measured high blood pressure, angina pectoris, previous herniated disc, use of heart or lung medicine or current considerable pain on the body regions specific to the test). n is limited in the balance test due to the health-related exclusion (considerable pain, trauma or physical restriction due to recent trauma in the neck, low back, hip, knee or ankle).

ISSN: 1471-2458