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Table 1 Characteristics of participants by gender

From: Plasma carotenoids are associated with socioeconomic status in an urban Indigenous population: an observational study

Variable

Men n = 280

Women n = 617

Numbers and (proportions)

  

Ethnic origin

  

   Aboriginal

233 (79.6)

531 (86.1)

   Torres Strait Islander

18 (6.4)

30 (4.9)

   Both

39 (13.9)

56 (9.1)

Current smoker

113 (40.4)

247 (40.0)

Alcohol consumer

198 (70.7)

375 (60.8)

Glucose tolerance

  

   Diabetic

42 (15.0)

119 (19.3)

   Abnormal glucose tolerancea

36 (12.9)

83 (13.4)

   Normal glucose tolerance

180 (64.3)

364 (59.0)

   Unclassified

22 (7.9)

51 (8.3)

Hypertension

52 (18.6)

114 (18.5)

Hypercholesterolaemia

117 (41.8)

195 (31.6)

Dyslipidaemiab

141 (50.4)

233 (37.8)

Takeaway 2+/wk

105 (37.5)

153 (24.8)

Snacks 2+/wk

107 (38.2)

228 (37.0)

4+ veg serves/dayc

25 (8.9)

56 (9.1)

2+ fruit serves/d

88 (31.4)

219 (35.5)

1+ Fruit/veg juice serves/d

41 (14.6)

98 (15.9)

Sufficient fruit & vegd

17 (6.1)

41 (6.6)

Household equivalised income e ($/week)

  

   1-199

62 (22.1)

134 (21.7)

   200-499

77 (27.5)

171 (27.7)

   500

65 (23.2)

133 (21.6)

   Missing

76 (27.1)

179 (29.0)

In full time work

111 (36.6)

243 (39.4)

Post school qualification

82 (29.3)

189 (30.6)

Home is owned or being purchased

105 (37.5)

236 (38.2)

5+ in household

73 (26.1)

194 (31.4)

Manage OK on income

146 (52.1)

284 (46.0)

Rate health as good or excellent

194 (69.3)

422 (68.4)

Medians (25 th -75 th %iles)

  

Age (yrs)

35 (22-46)

37 (25-48)

Waist circumference (cm)

95 (85-105)

93 (81-104)

Waist to hip ratio

0.94 (0.89-1.00)

0.87 (0.81-0.93)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.0 (23.5-30.9)

27.8 (23.5-32.9)

  1. a Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose combined.
  2. b Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 or HDL <0.9 (male), <1.0 (female)
  3. c The response categories for vegetable frequency mean we cannot look at 5+ serves per day as per current recommendations.
  4. d Defined as at least four veg and two fruit/day see point b above.
  5. e "OECD-modified scale". After having used the "old OECD scale" in the 1980s and the earlier 1990s, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT) adopted in the late 1990s the so-called "OECD-modified equivalence scale". This scale, first proposed by Haagenars et al. (1994), assigns a value of 1 to the household head, of 0.5 to each additional adult member and of 0.3 to each child.