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Table 2 Relative risk of returning to work after stroke among all registered cases of stroke in the Swedish population between 1996 and 2000.

From: Income and education as predictors of return to working life among younger stroke patients

 

Age-adjusteda

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Independent variable

RRb

(95% CI)

RR

(95% CI)

RR

(95% CI)

RR

(95% CI)

Education

p < 0.001 c

p < 0.001

 

p = 0.008

   Compulsory

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

   Upper secondary

1.06

(0.99-1.14)

1.08

(1.01-1.15)

 

1.03

(0.96-1.10)

   University

1.34

(1.24-1.44)

1.33

(1.23-1.43)

 

1.13

(1.04-1.22)

Income

p < 0.001

 

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

   1st quartile (lowest)

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

   2nd quartile

1.39

(1.27-1.51)

 

1.38

(1.27-1.67)

1.38

(1.27-1.51)

   3rd quartile

1.64

(1.51-1.79)

 

1.64

(1.50-2.13)

1.61

(1.47-1.76)

   4th quartile (highest)

2.08

(1.92-2.26)

 

2.02

(1.84-2.94)

1.94

(1.77-2.12)

Women (ref = men, RR = 1)

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.540

p = 0.297

   Women

0.84

(0.79-0.89)

0.83

(0.78-0.88)

0.98

(0.92-1.05)

0.97

(0.91-1.03)

Stroke subtype

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

Cerebral infarction

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

1.03

(0.95-1.11)

1.28

(1.18-1.39)

1.28

(1.18-1.54)

1.27

(1.17-1.38)

Intracerebral haemorrhage

0.77

(0.71-0.85)

0.98

(0.89-1.08)

0.98

(0.89-1.07)

0.97

(0.88-1.07)

Stroke, not specified (I64)

1.12

(0.99-1.27)

1.06

(0.94-1.20)

1.05

(0.93-1.23)

1.06

(0.94-1.19)

Days of hospital care for stroke c

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

Linear (per 10 days)

0.84

(0.81-0.85)

0.82

(0.80-0.84)

0.82

(0.80-0.79)

0.82

(0.80-0.85)

Quadratic/100 days

1.004

(1.001-1.006)

1.004

(1.002-1.006)

1.004

(1.002-1.006)

1.004

(1.002-1.006)

  1. Results from discrete time hazard regressions (n = 7081).
  2. Results from discrete time hazard regressions controlling for age and age-square. The reference category is marked "Ref". The P-value to the right of the variable name is for the whole variable, e.g. if the variable represents a significant contribution to the model. These estimations are based on Wald tests. Results in bold have p < 0.05.
  3. Persons were excluded if they previously had had an ischemic heart disease, or TIA, or if they earned less than €6,600 in the year prior to the stroke.
  4. a In the age-adjusted models, each of the variables are presented separately, one by one, but controlling for age and age-square.
  5. † p < 0.10.
  6. b RR = Relative Risk. A higher RR means higher probability of returning to work early. CI = Confidence Intervals.
  7. c Linear and quadratic terms are entered simultaneously. P-values indicate the combined effect of linear and quadratic representation.