Table 1 Model parameters

φ

Routine vaccination rate

0.5/year

assumed

γ

Recovery rate

Disease A: 1/19 per day*

Disease B: 1/14 per day*

Disease C: 1/30 per day*

[12]

R_O

Basic reproductive number

Disease A: 6*

Disease B:15*

Disease C: 14*

[12]

ε

Efficacy of vaccine after 1 dose

Disease A: 99%*

Disease B: 95%*

Disease C: 90%*

[7, 8, 25]

m

Case importation rate

0.0001 per year per

capita in all countries

assumed

μ

Birth/death rate

(per 1, 000 per year)

[As of 2009]

India: 21.72/1000/yr

Nigeria: 36.65/1000/yr

Afghanistan: 38.37/1000/yr

[25–28]

N

Total population

[As of 2009]

India: 1, 156, 897, 766

Nigeria: 149, 229, 090

Afghanistan: 28, 395, 716

[25–28]