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Table 1 Participant characteristics according to self-reported reading and writing difficulties (RWD), percentages, means and standard deviations.

From: Reading and writing difficulties in adolescence and later risk of welfare dependence. A ten year follow-up, the HUNT Study, Norway

Participant characteristics

RWD group

(n= 725)

Non-RWD group

(n= 7, 773)

Baseline 1995-1997

Male sex (%)

63.0

48.8

Middle school attendees (%)

70.2

50.7

Drunk more than 10 times (%)

18.9

31.0

Living situation (%)

  

   Living with both parents

71.5

71.3

   Living with one parent and new partner

5.3

7.0

   Living with only mother or father

11.2

10.3

   Living with other adults

5.7

3.7

   Living alone

5.0

5.7

   Living with a partner

1.4

2.0

Mother's educational level (%)

  

   Primary

17.9

13.7

   Secondary

67.1

64.5

   Tertiary

15.1

21.8

Father's educational level (%)

  

   Primary

21.9

14.9

   Secondary

64.6

62.7

   Tertiary

13.5

22.5

Having a sibling in cohort (%)

33.7

35.5

Complete cases (%)

87.2

92.4

Age - years

15.39 (1.79)

16.09 (1.79)

Somatic health - propensity score

0.10 (0.04)

0.09 (0.02)

Symptom index

0.22 (0.15)

0.22 (0.15)

Anxiety and depression - index

0.14 (0.17)

0.15 (0.16)

Conduct and attention problems - index

0.21 (0.14)

0.19 (0.12)

Status 2007

Age - years

26.35 (1.77)

27.05 (1.85)

Follow-up time age 24-28 - years

3.13 (1.39)

3.66 (1.37)

Secondary education

  

   Not completed age 24 (%)

33.7

16.7

Received long-term medical benefits

  

   At end of follow-up (%)

18.8

11.3

   At age 24-28 (%)

15.0

8.9

No secondary education age 24 (%)

57.8

35.5

Received any long-term social benefits

  

   At end of follow-up (%)

35.0

22.8

   At age 24-28 (%)

22.8

15.6

No secondary education age 24 (%)

59.4

26.1