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Table 3 Clinical, Temporal and Testing Characteristics Associated with PCR-Positive, Culture-Negative Specimens (N = 1858), 1999-2005

From: Pertussis resurgence in Toronto, Canada: a population-based study including test-incidence feedback modeling

Specimen Characteristic

Odds Ratio

95%

 

CI

P-value

Age 0-4

2.61

1.71

To

3.98

< 0.001

Age 5-9

1.73

1.02

To

2.93

0.04

Age 10-14

0.41

0.25

To

0.65

< 0.001

Age 15-19

0.41

0.20

To

0.82

0.01

Age > 20 (referent)

1.00

---

---

---

---

Time (years)

1.13

1.03

To

1.25

0.01

Introduction of Novel PCR (May 2005)

16.35

10.19

To

26.23

< 0.001

  1. NOTE: Model also included sine and cosine terms to adjust for residual confounding by season (see text). CI, confidence interval.