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Table 4 Multiple logistic regression analysis of factors associated with readiness to quit (contemplation or preparation stage of change)a among current smokers visiting a hospital or clinic in the past 12 months (N = 131b)

From: Physicians are a key to encouraging cessation of smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Variable

AOR

(95% CI)

Gender

  

   Male

5.79

(0.86-39.10)

   Female (Ref)

1.00

 

Age (years)

  

   34+

1.10

(0.40-3.03)

   20-33 (Ref)

1.00

 

Marital status

  

   Married

1.30

(0.39-4.30)

   Unmarried (Ref)

1.00

 

Any formal education

  

   Yes

0.12

(0.02-0.71)*

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Monthly income (NRs)c

  

   4001+

0.97

(0.39-2.41)

   0-4000 (Ref)

1.00

 

Any children

  

   Yes

1.30

(0.42-4.05)

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Months since first testing HIV+

  

   54+

0.97

(0.37-2.49)

   1-53 (Ref)

1.00

 

Currently receiving ART

  

   Yes

0.71

(0.26-1.93)

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Bothersome HIV symptom count

  

   4-20

0.50

(0.19-1.32)

   0-3 (Ref)

1.00

 

Experience of TB diagnosis since testing HIV+

  

   Yes

0.80

(0.25-2.51)

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Number of hospital visits, last 12 months

  

   3+

0.87

(0.32-2.39)

   1-2 (Ref)

1.00

 

Beck Depression Inventory scored

  

   20+

1.20

(0.41-3.57)

   < 20 (Ref)

1.00

 

Lifetime injecting drug use

  

   Yes

0.50

(0.16-1.60)

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Presence of smoker among other household members

  

   Yes

2.91

(1.16-7.29)*

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Age of smoking initiation (years)

  

   15+

1.67

(0.67-4.15)

   7-14 (Ref)

1.00

 

Average daily smoking intensity, last 30 days

  

   Moderate-to-heavy smoker (> 10 cigarettes/day)

0.42

(0.16-1.13)

   Light smoker (≤ 10 cigarettes/day) (Ref)

1.00

 

Prior quit attempt, last 12 months

  

   Yes

3.77

(1.48-9.58)**

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Experience of smoking status assessment

by a physician, last 12 months

  

   Yes

3.34

(1.05-10.61)*

   No (Ref)

1.00

 

Experience of smoking status assessment

by paramedic or nurse, last 12 months

  

   Yes

1.01

(0.36-2.85)

   No (Ref)

1.00

 
  1. AOR, adjusted odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. ART, antiretroviral therapy.
  2. a The reference group was current smokers in the precontemplation stage of change.
  3. b After accounting for the collective set of missing values associated with the variables included in the multivariable model, data from 131 participants were analyzed.
  4. c 4000 NRs = US $55 approximately, as of February 2010.
  5. d A score of 20 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory defined the presence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, according to clinical validation of the scale in Nepal (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.91) [48].
  6. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.