Table 6 Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of cigarette smoking among undergraduate medical students, June 2009
| Â | Ever smoked | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|
Factors | No, n (%) | Yes, n (%) | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
   Female | 187 (95.4) | 9 (4.6) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Male | 381 (89.4) | 45 (10.6) | 1.45 (0.57, 3.67) |
Age in years | Â | Â | Â |
   15-19 | 209 (92.9) | 16 (7.1) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   20 or more | 359 (90.4) | 38 (9.6) | 1.00 (0.35, 2.64) |
Religion | Â | Â | Â |
   Other Christian | 124 (93.9) | 8 (6.1) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Orthodox Christian | 356 (91.5) | 33 (8.5) | 0.47 (0.15, 1.45) |
   Muslim | 77 (89.3) | 9 (10.5) | 0.90 (0.23, 3.53) |
   Other | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | 3.04 (0.34, 26.94) |
Main source of family's income | Â | Â | Â |
   Government employee | 169 (88.9) | 21 (11.1) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Business | 140 (86.4) | 22 (13.6) | 1.15 (0.46, 2.89) |
   Agriculture-based | 131 (97.8) | 3 (2.2) | 0.12 (0.01, 1.02) |
   Other | 128 (94.1) | 8 (5.9) | 0.61 (0.21, 1.80) |
Original background | Â | Â | Â |
   Rural | 118 (95.2) | 6 (4.8) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Urban | 450 (90.4) | 48 (9.6) | 0.69 (0.12, 4.10) |
Medical education status | Â | Â | Â |
   Pre-clinical | 419 (93.7) | 28 (6.3) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Clinical | 149 (85.1) | 26 (14.9) | 1.26 (0.46, 3.45) |
Friend currently smoking | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 434 (96.0) | 18 (4.0) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 18 (4.0) | 434 (96.0) | 3.89 (1.83, 8.30) |
Father currently smoking | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 544 (91.6) | 50 (8.4) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 24 (85.7) | 4 (14.3) | 2.57 (0.63, 10.56) |
Consumed alcohol within the last 12 months | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 474 (97.3) | 13 (2.7) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 94 (69.6) | 41 (30.4) | 8.68 (3.52, 21.45) |
Used khat within the last 12 months | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 551 (95.2) | 28 (4.8) | 1.00 (Reference) |
   Yes | 17 (39.5) | 26 (60.5) | 7.88 (3.11, 19.95) |
Total, N (%) | 568 (91.3) | 54 (8.7) | Â |