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Table 4 Parental perception of their child's SHS exposures daily in comparison with SHS exposures reported by their child

From: A survey of schoolchildren's exposure to secondhand smoke in Malaysia

Exposure hours to SHS daily

Parental-reported exposure

GM cotinine (n)~

 

None

1 to 3 hours

> 3 hours

 

Self-reported exposure

    

None

142 (61.7+%)

80 (34.8%)

8 (3.5%)

0.37~ (230)

1 to 3 hours

174 (44.2%)

184 (46.7%)

36 (9.1%)

0.51~ (394)

> 3 hours

17 (23.9%)

42 (59.2%)

12 (16.9%)

0.83~ (71)

GM cot (n/%) ++

0.38++ (333/47.9%)

0.59++ (306/44.0%)

0.69++ (56/8.1%)

695

  1. Chi-square test: 41.088 df: 4, p < 0.0001
  2. + Percentages in bracket relate to the total of the self-reported exposure row.
  3. ++ ANOVA test was performed with LSD post-hoc test and significant differences were observed between None with 1 to 3 and > 3 hours: F = 8.537, p < 0.0001
  4. ~ ANOVA test was performed with LSD post-hoc test and significant differences were found between all three groups: F = 8.613, p < 0.0001