Types of violence | Men | P value | Women | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Low | Middle | High |  | Low | Middle | High |  |
During past year | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Verbal aggression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 30.4 | 33.5 | 30.0 | Â | 28.6 | 23.6 | 23.0 | Â |
 | (26.0 - 35.1) | (28.9 - 38.3) | (20.8 - 40.6) |  | (24.6 - 32.9) | (20.1 - 27.4) | (16.7 - 30.3) |  |
Perpetrator | 28.2 | 27.2 | 32.2 | Â | 25.3 | 20.8 | 11.8 | ** |
 | (23.9 - 32.8) | (22.9 - 31.8) | (22.8 - 42.9) |  | (21.5 - 29.4) | (17.5 - 24.5) | (7.3 - 17.8) |  |
Witness | 61.0 | 64.1 | 75.6 | * | 58.1 | 54.4 | 59.0 | Â |
 | (56.1 - 65.8) | (59.2 - 68.7) | (65.4 - 84.0) |  | (53.5 - 62.5) | (50.1 - 58.7) | (51.0 - 66.7) |  |
Defraud or deceive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 13.7 | 20.4 | 21.1 | * | 12.2 | 8.9 | 9.9 | Â |
 | (10.5 - 17.5) | (16.6 - 24.6) | (13.2 - 31.0) |  | (9.5 - 15.5) | (6.6 - 11.6) | (5.8 - 15.6) |  |
Perpetrator | 3.7 | 6.1 | 1.1 | Â | 3.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | * |
 | (2.1 - 6.0) | (4.0 - 8.8) | (0.0 - 6.0) |  | (1.8 - 5.1) | (0.1 - 1.7) | (0.0 - 3.4) |  |
Witness | 33.8 | 34.2 | 44.4 | Â | 24.1 | 17.2 | 22.4 | * |
 | (29.2 - 38.6) | (29.6 - 39.0) | (34.0 - 55.3) |  | (20.3 - 28.1) | (14.1 - 20.6) | (16.2 - 29.6) |  |
Yelling and heavy pranks | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 29.7 | 29.9 | 31.1 | Â | 21.2 | 18.5 | 14.9 | Â |
 | (25.3 - 34.3) | (25.5 - 34.5) | (21.8 - 41.7) |  | (17.6 - 25.1) | (15.3 - 22.0) | (9.8 - 21.4) |  |
Perpetrator | 28.7 | 24.3 | 22.2 | Â | 11.8 | 10.1 | 6.2 | Â |
 | (24.3 - 33.3) | (20.2 - 28.7) | (14.1 - 32.2) |  | (9.1 - 15.0) | (7.7 - 13.0) | (3.0 - 11.1) |  |
Witness | 52.7 | 55.1 | 61.1 | Â | 43.8 | 42.4 | 38.5 | Â |
 | (47.7 - 57.6) | (50.2 - 60.0) | (50.3 - 71.2) |  | (39.3 - 48.3) | (38.2 - 46.7) | (31.0 - 46.5) |  |
Unarmed aggression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 30.1 | 24.0 | 18.9 | Â | 21.8 | 17.3 | 16.8 | Â |
 | (25.7 - 34.9) | (20.0 - 28.5) | (11.4 - 28.5) |  | (18.2 - 25.7) | (14.2 - 20.8) | (11.4 - 23.5) |  |
Perpetrator | 27.9 | 23.8 | 18.9 | Â | 22.6 | 19.4 | 14.3 | Â |
 | (23.6 - 32.6) | (19.8 - 28.2) | (11.4 - 28.5) |  | (19.0 - 26.6) | (16.1 - 23.0) | (9.3 - 20.7) |  |
Witness | 37.7 | 31.6 | 34.4 | Â | 29.7 | 22.3 | 24.8 | * |
 | (33.0 - 42.6) | (27.1 - 36.3) | (24.7 - 45.2) |  | (25.6 - 34.0) | (18.9 - 26.1) | (18.4 - 32.3) |  |
During life time | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Armed threat | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 23.5 | 30.3 | 30.0 | Â | 12.4 | 15.9 | 18.0 | Â |
 | (19.5 - 28.0) | (25.9 - 35.0) | (20.8 - 40.6) |  | (9.6 - 15.7) | (12.9 - 19.2) | (12.4 - 24.8) |  |
Perpetrator | 4.2 | 4.6 | 1.1 | Â | 1.7 | ND | ND | NA |
 | (2.4 - 6.6) | (2.8 - 7.1) | (0.0 - 6.0) |  | (0.7 - 3.2) |  |  |  |
Witness | 43.1 | 48.3 | 53.3 | Â | 34.2 | 33.8 | 32.9 | Â |
 | (38.3 - 48.1) | (43.4 - 53.2) | (42.5 - 63.9) |  | (30.0 - 38.7) | (29.8 - 37.9) | (25.7 - 40.8) |  |
Severe threat | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 12.0 | 9.2 | 6.7 | Â | 7.9 | 6.8 | 9.9 | Â |
 | (9.0 - 15.6) | (6.6 - 12.4) | (2.5 - 13.9) |  | (5.6 - 10.7) | (4.7 - 8.9) | (5.8 - 15.6) |  |
Perpetrator | 1.5 | 1.0 | Â | Â | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | Â |
 | (0.5 - 3.2) | (0.3 - 2.5) | ND |  | (0.0 - 1.2) | (-0.1 - 0.9) | (0.0 - 3.4) |  |
Witness | 31.9 | 30.6 | 28.9 | Â | 24.0 | 17.0 | 19.3 | * |
 | (27.4 - 36.6) | (26.2 - 35.3) | (19.8 - 39.4) |  | (20.2 - 28.0) | (14.0 - 20.5) | (13.5 - 26.2) |  |
Unarmed robbery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 19.1 | 23.8 | 27.8 | Â | 20.1 | 19.9 | 27.3 | Â |
 | (15.4 - 23.3) | (19.8 - 28.2) | (18.9 - 38.2) |  | (16.6 - 24.0) | (16.6 - 23.5) | (20.6 - 34.9) |  |
Perpetrator | 5.1 | 3.9 | 1.1 | Â | 1.5 | Â | Â | NA |
 | (3.2 - 7.8) | (2.2 - 6.2) | (0.0 - 6.0) |  | (0.6 - 3.0) | ND | ND |  |
Witness | 26.0 | 35.0 | 30.0 | Â | 22.4 | 20.7 | 22.4 | Â |
 | (21.8 - 30.6) | (30.3 - 39.8) | (20.8 - 40.6) |  | (18.8 - 26.4) | (17.3 - 24.3) | (16.2 - 29.6) |  |
Armed physical aggression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 12.5 | 13.3 | 8.9 | Â | 4.8 | 3.0 | 3.7 | Â |
 | (9.5 - 16.1) | (10.2 - 17.0) | (3.9 - 16.8) |  | (3.0 - 7.1) | (1.5 - 4.4) | (1.4 - 7.9) |  |
Perpetrator | 4.2 | 3.9 | 1.1 | Â | 1.0 | Â | Â | NA |
 | (2.4 - 6.6) | (2.2 - 6.2) | (0.0 - 6.0) |  | (0.3 - 2.4) | ND | ND |  |
Witness | 42.2 | 41.7 | 43.3 | Â | 28.4 | 26.4 | 21.1 | Â |
 | (37.3 - 47.1) | (36.9 - 46.7) | (32.9 - 54.2) |  | (24.4 - 32.7) | (22.7 - 30.3) | (15.1 - 28.2) |  |
Sexual aggression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Victim | 2.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | Â | 6.6 | 8.9 | 9.9 | Â |
 | (1.2 - 4.5) | (2.1 - 5.9) | (0.7 - 9.4) |  | (4.6 - 9.2) | (6.6 - 11.6) | (5.8 - 15.6) |  |
Perpetrator | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.1 | Â | 0.4 | 0.2 | ND | Â |
 | (1.0 - 4.1) | (1.3 - 4.7) | (0.0 - 6.0) |  | (0.1 - 1.5) | (-0.2 - 0.5) |  |  |
Witness | 7.7 | 8.3 | 11.8 | *** | 3.8 | 4.2 | 5.9 | *** |
 | (5.5 - 10.4) | (6.1 - 11.0) | (7.3 - 17.8) |  | (2.6 - 5.1) | (3.0 - 5.3) | (3.6 - 9.1) |  |
 | n = 408 | n = 412 | n = 90 |  | n = 482 | n = 542 | n = 161 |  |