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Table 5 Proportion of prevalence per 100 (95% CI) of being a victim, perpetrator and witness of different forms of violence over the previous year and lifespan, by employment status over the previous year and SES.

From: Violence witnessing, perpetrating and victimization in medellin, Colombia: a random population survey

Types of violence

Unemployment, past year

P value

Socioeconomic status

P value

 

0 months

1 - 3 months

4 - 8 months

9 - 12 months

 

Low

Middle

High

 

During past year

        

Verbal aggression

        

Victim

14.1

36.2

45.7

32.7

***

29.4

27.9

25.5

 
 

(10.4 - 18.5)

(25.0 - 48.7)

(34.6 - 57.1)

(26.6 - 39.4)

 

(26.4 - 32.4)

(25.0 - 30.7)

(20.2 - 31.4)

 

Perpetrator

11.1

30.4

44.4

24.5

***

26.6

23.6

19.1

*

 

(7.8 - 15.2)

(19.9 - 42.7)

(33.4 - 55.9)

(19.0 - 30.8)

 

(23.7 - 29.5)

(20.9 - 26.3)

(14.4 - 24.5)

 

Witness

44.1

68.1

74.1

66.8

***

59.4

58.6

64.9

 
 

(38.5 - 49.9)

(55.8 - 78.8)

(63.1 - 83.2)

(60.2 - 73.0)

 

(56.1 - 62.7)

(55.4 - 61.7)

(58.7 - 70.8)

 

Defraud or deceive

         

Victim

9.5

17.4

22.2

14.5

*

12.9

13.8

13.9

 
 

(6.4 - 13.3)

(9.3 - 28.4)

(13.7 - 32.8)

(10.2 - 19.9)

 

(10.7 - 15.1)

(11.6 - 16.0)

(9.9 - 18.9)

 

Perpetrator

1.6

4.3

3.7

5.0

 

3.4

3.1

0.8

 
 

(0.5 - 3.8)

(0.9 - 12.2)

(0.8 - 10.4)

(2.5 - 8.8)

 

(2.2 - 4.6)

(2.0 - 4.3)

(0.1 - 2.8)

 

Witness

18.6

39.1

25.9

27.3

**

28.5

24.5

30.3

 
 

(14.4 - 23.4)

(27.6 - 51.6)

(16.8 - 36.9)

(21.5 - 33.7)

 

(25.6 - 31.5)

(21.8 - 27.3)

(24.7 - 36.4)

 

Yelling and heavy pranks

       

Victim

15.7

27.5

24.7

25.9

*

25.1

23.4

20.7

 
 

(11.8 - 20.3)

(17.5 - 39.6)

(15.8 - 35.5)

(20.3 - 32.2)

 

(22.2 - 27.9)

(20.7 - 26.1)

(15.9 - 26.3)

 

Perpetrator

9.5

13.0

19.8

18.2

*

19.6

16.2

12.0

 
 

(6.4 - 13.3)

(6.1 - 23.3)

(11.7 - 30.1)

(13.3 - 23.9)

 

(16.9 - 22.2)

(13.9 - 18.6)

(8.2 - 16.6)

 

Witness

39.9

50.7

53.1

44.5

 

47.9

47.9

46.6

 
 

(34.3 - 45.6)

(38.4 - 63.0)

(41.7 - 64.3)

(37.9 - 51.4)

 

(44.5 - 51.2)

(44.7 - 51.1)

(40.3 - 53.0)

 

Unarmed aggression

         

Victim

16.0

29.0

35.8

23.6

***

25.6

20.2

17.5

***

 

(12.1 - 20.6)

(18.7 - 41.2)

(25.4 - 47.2)

(18.2 - 29.8)

 

(22.8 - 28.5)

(17.7 - 22.8)

(13.0 - 22.8)

 

Perpetrator

15.4

30.4

33.3

23.2

***

25.1

21.3

15.9

**

 

(11.5 - 19.9)

(19.9 - 42.7)

(23.2 - 44.7)

(17.8 - 29.3)

 

(22.2 - 27.9)

(18.7 - 23.9)

(11.6 - 21.1)

 

Witness

20.9

42.0

43.2

28.6

***

33.4

26.3

28.3

**

 

(16.5 - 25.9)

(30.2 - 54.5)

(32.2 - 54.7)

(22.8 - 35.1)

 

(30.3 - 36.5)

(23.5 - 29.1)

(22.8 - 34.3)

 

During life time

       

Armed threat

         

Victim

19.9

31.9

23.5

20.9

 

17.5

22.1

22.3

*

 

(15.6 - 24.9)

(21.2 - 44.2)

(14.8 - 34.2)

(15.7 - 26.9)

 

(15.0 - 20.0)

(19.5 - 24.8)

(17.3 - 28.0)

 

Perpetrator

1.3

7.2

4.9

0.9

**

2.8

2.0

0.4

*

 

(0.4 - 3.3)

(2.4 - 16.1)

(1.4 - 12.2)

(0.1 - 3.2)

 

(1.7 - 3.9)

(1.1 - 2.9)

(0.0 - 2.2)

 

Witness

31.7

49.3

49.4

44.1

**

38.3

40.0

40.2

 
 

(26.5 - 37.2)

(37.0 - 61.6)

(38.1 - 60.7)

(37.4 - 50.9)

 

(35.1 - 41.5)

(36.9 - 43.2)

(34.1 - 46.6)

 

Severe threat

         

Victim

9.5

8.7

6.2

12.3

 

0.8

0.6

0.4

 
 

(6.4 - 13.3)

(3.3 - 18.0)

(2.0 - 13.8)

(8.2 - 17.4)

 

(0.2 - 1.4)

(0.1 - 1.1)

(0.0 - 2.2)

 

Perpetrator

1.0

SD

SD

0.9

 

27.6

22.9

22.7

*

 

(0.2 - 2.8)

  

(0.1 - 3.2)

 

(24.7 - 30.5)

(20.2 - 25.6)

(17.7 - 28.4)

 

Witness

20.0

30.4

35.8

30.5

**

9.8

7.9

8.8

 
 

(15.7 - 24.9)

(19.9 - 42.7)

(25.4 - 47.2)

(24.4 - 37.0)

 

(7.8 - 11.7)

(6.2 - 9.6)

(5.6 - 13.0)

 

Unarmed robbery

       

Victim

12.7

30.4

19.8

23.6

***

19.7

21.6

27.5

*

 

(9.2 - 17.0)

(19.9 - 42.7)

(11.7 - 30.1)

(18.2 - 29.8)

 

(17.1 - 22.3)

(19.0 - 24.2)

(22.1 - 33.5)

 

Perpetrator

2.0

2.9

4.9

1.8

 

3.1

1.7

0.4

**

 

(0.7 - 4.2)

(0.4 - 10.1)

(1.4 - 12.2)

(0.5 - 4.6)

 

(2.0 - 4.3)

(0.9 - 2.5)

(0.0 - 2.2)

 

Witness

19.6

36.2

25.9

28.2

**

24.1

26.8

25.1

 
 

(15.3 - 24.5)

(25.0 - 48.7)

(16.8 - 36.9)

(22.3 - 34.6)

 

(21.3 - 26.9)

(24.0 - 29.6)

(19.9 - 30.9)

 

Armed physical aggression

       

Victim

7.2

13

13.6

9.1

 

8.3

7.4

5.6

 
 

(4.6 - 10.7)

(6.1 - 23.3)

(7.0 - 23.0)

(5.6 - 13.7)

 

(6.5 - 10.1)

(5.8 - 9.1)

(3.1 - 9.2)

 

Perpetrator

1.3

4.3

2.5

3.6

 

2.5

1.7

0.4

*

 

(0.4 - 3.3)

(0.9 - 12.2)

(0.3 - 8.6)

(1.6 - 7.0)

 

(1.5 - 3.5)

(0.9 - 2.5)

(0.0 - 2.2)

 

Witness

27.1

39.1

42.0

41.8

**

34.7

33.0

29.1

 
 

(22.2 - 32.5)

(27.6 - 51.6)

(31.1 - 53.5)

(35.2 - 48.6)

 

(31.6 - 37.8)

(30.0 - 36.0)

(23.5 - 35.1)

 

Sexual aggression

         

Victim

2.6

11.6

9.9

5.0

**

4.7

6.6

7.6

*

 

(1.1 - 5.1)

(5.1 - 21.6)

(4.4 - 18.5)

(2.5 - 8.8)

 

(3.3 - 6.1)

(5.0 - 8.2)

(4.6 - 11.6)

 

Perpetrator

0.7

4.3

2.5

1.4

 

1.2

1.3

0.4

 
 

(0.1 - 2.3)

(0.9 - 12.2)

(0.3 - 8.6)

(0.3 - 3.9)

 

(0.5 - 2.0)

(0.6 - 2.0)

(0.0 - 2.2)

 

Witness

5.9

14.5

14.8

11.4

*

11.0

11.5

14.3

 
 

(3.5 - 9.1)

(7.2 - 25.0)

(7.9 - 24.4)

(7.5 - 16.3)

 

(9.0 - 13.1)

(9.5 - 13.6)

(10.3 - 19.3)

 
 

n = 306

n = 69

n = 81

n = 220

 

n = 890

n = 954

N = 251

 
  1. Population 12 - 60 years of age. Medellin, Colombia. 2007.
  2. *P < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001
  3. NA: Do not apply
  4. ND: No data
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