Association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Japanese: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of study participants

	Men (n = 179)	Women (n = 304)	Pvalue
Age (years)	46.6 (0.6)	48.6 (0.5)	0.015
Height (cm)	170 (0.5)	157.7 (0.3)	< 0.001
Body weight (kg)	73.9 (0.9)	63.7 (0.6)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	25.6 (0.3)	25.6 (0.2)	0.896
% muscle mass (%)	30.4 (0.2)	23.7 (0.3)	< 0.001
% fat mass (%)	25.1 (0.4)	34.0 (0.4)	< 0.001
*Physical activity parameter* *
Sedentary time (h/week)	37.2 (0.9)	29.5 (0.7)	< 0.001
Low intensity activity (METs h/week)	77.1 (1.8)	96.4 (1.3)	< 0.001
MVPA (METs h/week)	24.5 (0.8)	25.7 (0.6)	0.252
*Metabolic syndrome components*
Abdominal obesity (%)	66.7	43.9	< 0.001
Hyperglycemia (%)	29.8	18.8	0.005
Hypertension (%)	54.2	47.7	0.168
Dyslipidemia (%)	33.5	14.5	< 0.001
Number of MetS components (n)	1.9 (0.1)	1.3 (0.1)	< 0.001
*Metabolic syndrome*			< 0.001
Pre-MetS (%)	18.4	17.8
MetS (%)	34.6	16.4
MetS/pre-MetS (%)	53.1	34.2
*Daily nutritional intake* ^†
Calorie intake (kcal/day)	2126.1 (24)	1899.1 (15.6)	< 0.001
Carbohydrate intake (g/day)	253.0 (7)	238.6 (4.8)	0.081
Protein intake (g/day)	76.9 (1.9)	68.6 (1.6)	0.010
Fat intake (g/day)	60.0 (1.8)	55.5 (1.5)	0.058
Smoker (%)	22.3	5.3	< 0.001
Postmenopausal (%)	-	52.6

Values are means (SE) or percentage. *Adjusted for age, ^†adjusted for body weight. BMI, body mass index; METs, metabolic equivalents; MVPA, moderate-vigorous physical activity; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SE, standard error. Abdominal obesity: waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for men and ≥ 90 cm for women; hyperglycemia: blood glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL; hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or treatment for previously diagnosed hypertension; dyslipidemia: triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 40 mg/dL, or specific treatment for these lipid abnormalities.

ISSN: 1471-2458