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Table 4 Awareness of tobacco advertising and promotion

From: Support for smoke-free policy, and awareness of tobacco health effects and use of smoking cessation therapy in a developing country

Characteristic

Noticed tobacco advertising N (%)

Adjusted odds ratio

Noticed promotion for tobacco company N (%)

Adjusted odds ratio

Total

2216 (35.4)

 

767 (12.3)

 

Age group

    

14-19

279(30.8)

1

108(11.9)

1

20-29

665(34.6)

1.21(1.03-1.42)

238(12.4)

1.04 (0.78-1.37)

30-39

471(36.9)

1.38 (1.15-1.64)

167(13.1)

1.15 (0.86-1.56)

40-49

330(40.7)

1.65 (1.32-2.07)

114(14.1)

1.25 (0.91-1.72)

50+

471(35.1)

1.33 (1.08-1.63)

140(10.4)

0.94 (0.65-0.95)

 

p = 0.003

 

p = 0.09

 
 

Pt = 0.002

 

Pt = 0.52

 

Gender

    

Male

915 (40.2)

1

314(13.8)

1

Female

1301(32.7)

0.70 (0.60-0.81)

453(11.4)

0.79 (0.66-0.95)

 

P < 0.001

 

p = 0.03

 

Locality type

    

Urban

1333(42.2)

1

489(15.5)

1

Rural

883(28.5)

0.53 (0.43-0.66)

278(9.0)

0.55 (0.37-0.83)

 

P < 0.001

 

P < 0.001

 

Smoking Status

    

Non smoker

2108(34.9)

1

734(12.1)

1

Smoker

108 (50.7)

1.50 (1.09-2.07)

33(15.5)

1.13 (0.70-1.84)

 

p = 0.02

 

p = 0.60

 

Education

    

Illiterate

352 (35.1)

1

89(8.9)

1

Primary

286 (37.4)

1.04 (0.78-1.38)

84(11.0)

1.19 (0.84-1.67)

Secondary

1450 (34.5)

0.80 (0.63-1.02)

548(13.0)

1.34 (0.92-1.95)

Tertiary

128 (45.2)

0.98 (0.67-1.43)

46(16.3)

1.43 (0.99-2.07)

 

p = 0.03

 

p = 0.007

 
 

Pt = 0.07

 

Pt = 0.30

 

Ethnicity

    

Akan

1904 (35.1)

1

644 (11.9)

1

Ewe

24 (40.7)

1.31 (0.69-2.50)

13 (22.0)

1.95 (0.86-4.40)

Dagomba

30 (69.8)

3.95 (1.97-7.95)

8 (18.6)

1.44 (0.43-4.89)

Other

258 (35.2)

1.00 (0.83-1.21)

102 (13.9)

1.19 (0.91-1.56)

 

p = 0.002

 

p = 0.22

 

Religion

    

Christian

1988 (34.9)

1

685 (12.0)

1

Muslim

150 (35.4)

1.04 (0.85-1.28)

67 (15.8)

1.38 (1.04-1.84)

Traditionalist

57 (69.5)

4.18 (1.81-9.67)

3 (3.7)

0.28 (0.08-0.93)

Other

21 (39.6)

1.04 (0.61-1.77)

12 (22.6)

1.87 (0.87-4.04)

 

p = 0.02

 

p = 0.005

 
   

Pt = 0.02

 
  1. P = Adjusted Wald test; Pt = P value for trend; odds ratio adjusted for age, gender and locality type.