Table 3 Awareness of and support for smoke-free regulation in Ashanti, Ghana

Total

2349 (37.8)

1924 (30.9)

1715 (27.4)

6904 (97.4)

(35 missing)

(24 missing)

Age group

14-19

570 (63.2)

1

340 (37.6)

1

269 (29.7)

1

885 (97.7)

1

20-29

722 (37.7)

0.36 (0.30-0.44)

612 (31.9)

0.79(0.64-0.96)

501 (26.1)

0.89(0.74-1.07)

1873 (97.4)

0.81 (0.46-1.43)

30-39

416 (32.8)

0.29 (0.24-0.36)

390 (30.7)

0.75(0.60-0.94)

357 (28.0)

0.98(0.77-1.24)

1255 (98.2)

1.19 (0.67-2.11)

40-49

256 (31.7)

0.28 (0.22-0.35)

256 (31.7)

0.79(0.60-1.04)

216 (26.6)

0.90(0.69-1.17)

792 (97.7)

0.87 (0.48-1.60)

50+

385 (28.9)

0.24 (0.19-0.31)

326 (24.5)

0.57(0.45-0.71)

372 (27.7)

0.94(0.75-1.18)

1289 (96.1)

0.48 (0.29-0.80)

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.14

p = 0.004

Pt < 0.001

Pt < 0.001

Pt = 0.85

Pt = 0.02

Gender

Male

1052 (46.5)

1

729 (32.2)

1

721 (31.7)

1

2162 (95.1)

1

Female

1297 (32.8)

0.57 (0.51-0.65)

1195 (30.1)

0.92(0.80-1.05)

994 (25.0)

0.72(0.65-0.80)

3932 (98.7)

4.04 (2.84-5.74)

P < 0.001

P = 0.20

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

Locality type

Urban

1251 (39.8)

1

1099 (34.9)

1

815 (25.8)

1

3052 (96.6)

1

Rural

1098 (35.7)

0.84 (0.71-1.00)

825 (26.8)

0.69(0.58-0.83)

900 (29.1)

1.17(0.65-0.80)

3042 (98.2)

2.15 (1.46-3.18)

P = 0.04

P < 0.001

P = 0.15

p = 0.008

Smoking Status

Non smoker

2286 (38.0)

1

1871 (31.1)

1

1657 (27.4)

1

5934 (98.2)

1

Smoker

63 (29.6)

0.55 (0.42-0.74)

53 (24.9)

0.73(0.49-1.09)

58 (27.2)

0.81(0.57-1.14)

160 (75.1)

0.08 (0.05-0.14)

P < 0.001

P = 0.12

P = 0.21

P < 0.001

Education

Illiterate

286 (28.7)

1

98 (19.9)

1

301 (30.0)

1

980 (97.6)

1

Primary

203 (26.6)

0.69 (0.53-0.90)

199 (26.1)

1.29(1.05-1.59)

209 (27.3)

0.83(0.64-1.07)

744 (97.3)

0.83(0.45-1.53)

Secondary

1689 (40.4)

1.14 (0.53-1.44)

1409 (33.6)

1.76(1.50-2.07)

1110 (26.4)

0.77(0.62-0.96)

4100 (97.5)

1.15 (0.64-2.04)

Tertiary

171 (60.6)

2.63 (1.90-3.65)

118 (41.7)

2.43(1.75-3.37)

95 (33.6)

1.06(0.79-1.43)

270 (95.4)

1.08 (0.49-2.78)

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

p = 0.031

p = 0.75

Pt < 0.001

Pt < 0.001

Pt = 0.53

Ethnicity

Akan

2075 (38.5)

1

1716 (31.8)

1

1503 (27.7)

1

5277 (97.3)

1

Ewe

25 (42.4)

1.23 (0.58-2.58)

13 (22.0)

0.59(0.27-1.28)

21 (35.6)

1.54(0.79-3.03)

58 (98.3)

1.34 (0.16-11.06)

Dagomba

13 (30.2)

0.79 (0.42-1.47)

6 (14.0)

0.34(0.13-0.87)

16 (37.2)

1.57(0.93-2.65)

41 (95.4)

0.68 (0.18-2.60)

Other

236 (32.5)

0.76 (0.62-0.94)

189 (25.9)

0.74(0.58-0.94)

175 (23.9)

0.81(0.65-1.02)

718 (98.0)

1.35 (0.73-2.49)

p = 0.06

p = 0.001

p = 0.24

p = 0.68

Religion

Christian

2156 (38.0)

1

1788 (31.5)

1

1544 (27.1)

1

5562 (97.6)

1

Muslim

137 (32.7)

0.78 (0.61-0.99)

114 (27.0)

0.81(0.61-1.08)

115 (27.1)

0.99(0.79-1.24)

414 (97.6)

1.12 (0.67-1.85)

Trad.

42 (51.2)

1.66 (0.90-3.06)

8 (9.8)

0.25(0.12-0.51)

48 (58.5)

3.20(1.66-6.16)

66 (80.5)

0.15 (0.07-0.32)

Other

14 (26.4)

0.49 (0.23-1.02)

14 (26.4)

0.76(0.45-1.30)

8 (15.1)

0.45(0.20-1.03)

52 (98.1) 4

2.23 (0.41-12.19)

p = 0.02

p = 0.002

p = 0.002

p = 0.000