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Table 3 Correlates of adolescents' perceptions about smokers

From: Adolescents' perceptions about smokers in Karnataka, India

Correlates

Referent category for Odds Ratio (highlighted in bold)

Positive perceptions* (%)

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

p value

Gender

Male

11.2

2.89

< 0.05

 

Female

4.2

(1.59, 5.24)

 

Tobacco use status

Ever tobacco users

24.3

5.72

< 0.05

 

Never tobacco users

5.3

(3.34, 9.82)

 
 

Current smokers

42.2

12.99

< 0.05

 

Never tobacco users

5.3

(6.16, 26.81)^

 

Exposure to others using tobacco

Having smoker friends

12.8

4.65

< 0.05

 

Having smoke-free friends

3.1

(2.44, 8.84)

 
 

Having friends who used tobacco in any form (smoking and/or chewing)

12.4

4.64

< 0.05

 

Having tobacco-free friends

3.0

(2.39, 9.01)

 
 

Having one or more family members smoking tobacco

9.7

1.56

0.11

 

Having smoke-free family

6.4

(0.89, 2.71)

 
 

Having one or more family members using tobacco

10.1

1.71

0.06

 

Having tobacco-free family

6.2

(0.96, 3.06)

 
 

Exposure to teachers using tobacco

13.4

2.42

< 0.05

 

Not exposed to teachers using tobacco

6.0

(1.44, 4.07)

 
 

Exposure to on-screen tobacco use

7.6

0.60

0.22

 

No exposure to on-screen tobacco use

12.1

(0.25, 1.65)^

 

Awareness on

Aware of harms of smoking

7.5

0.62

0.23

smoking harms

Not aware of smoking harms

11.6

(0.28, 1.37)

 
 

Awareness of harms of passive smoking

7.4

0.81

0.41

 

Not aware of harms of passive smoking

8.9

(0.31, 2.75)^

 

Exposure to Cigarette

Exposure to cigarettes advertisements

8.7

1.23

0.43

advertisements

No exposure to cigarette advertisements

7.2

(0.73, 2.06)

 

School type

Government managed

6.6

0.79

0.59

 

Private managed

8.2

(0.30, 1.79)

 
  1. *This data represents proportion of students who had only positive or negative perceptions of smokers and exclude those students who reported ambivalent perception of smokers. ^Data using Fisher exact test as one of the table value was less than five.